斯宾塞《仙后》中的疾病和宗教身份认同焦虑

发布时间：2018-08-13 18:37

【摘要】：作为一部庞大的民族史诗,斯宾塞的《仙后》深刻地反映出伊丽莎白一世时期的政治、经济和宗教状况。斯宾塞身处宗教改革的后半期,新旧宗教势力斗争错综复杂,因而《仙后》中的宗教问题备受关注。长久以来,评论家从当时历史背景以及宗教教义、宗教仪式和教会组织出发,探究斯宾塞的宗教立场和宗教观,并认为斯宾塞作为一名虔诚的新教徒,反对罗马天主教,拥护女王新教政策,宣扬在英国树立新教的宗教身份认同。然而对巩固英国新教身份认同背后的焦虑鲜有关注。本文尝试从疾病的角度切入,探讨《仙后》第一卷和第二卷中的宗教身份认同焦虑。斯宾塞对《仙后》中的疾病进行隐喻化处理,疾病并非仅指生理疾病,更承载着更为丰富的政治、道德、宗教蕴意,进行了隐喻化处理。本文认为《仙后》中的疾病是斯宾塞表达宗教认同焦虑的重要载体,疾病不仅外在地呈现了当时天主教与伊斯兰教势力对英国新教认同的威胁和攻击,同时也内在地反映出新教徒对遗忘和丢失自身宗教身份的焦虑。面对危机,斯宾塞提出的净化疗法,以及其倡导的美德均是其对巩固英国新教身份认同进行的积极探索。本文导论主要介绍了伊丽莎白时期人们对疾病的理解。当时人们对疾病认识分别受到古希腊哲学、《圣经》、盖伦的体液说以及当时盛行的帕拉切尔苏斯学说的影响,另外,当时人们对疾病的认知与政治、社会、文化、宗教有着紧密联系。此外,本节还对《仙后》中的疾病研究进行了梳理。第一章阐述了天主教和伊斯兰教的疾病化处理。《仙后》中的天主教与伊斯兰教人物均患有梅毒或瘟疫,大蛇的呕吐物暗示其患有瘟疫,杜爱莎畸形病变的身体表明其感染梅毒,穆斯林教徒西摩克勒斯和皮洛克里斯也身患梅毒。他们所患疾病的传染性以及对骑士和尤娜、贝尔菲比等女性身体健康造成的危害,引起人们的不安和焦虑,体现出天主教与伊斯兰教对英国新教认同的威胁,进而产生宗教身份认同焦虑。第二章主要分析《仙后》中骑士遭受的身体和精神疾病。疾病不仅可以视为他者的攻击,也代表着上帝的惩罚。红十字抛弃尤娜,谷阳离开行者都是远离上帝的表现,他们抛弃上帝恩典的结果便是身体感染严重的疾病。此外,两人也遭受到精神疾病,主要体现为道德堕落。骑士们遭受疾病源于背离上帝,并丢失自身的宗教身份,由此引起了宗教身份认同焦虑。第三章关注如何消解宗教认同焦虑。斯宾塞在《仙后》中不仅通过疾病呈现出当时的宗教身份认同焦虑,并且积极探索消解焦虑的办法。《仙后》中的净化疗法不仅指清除身体中的疾病以达到治愈的效果,同时也具有丰富的内涵,为了维护英国的健康,则需要净化英国国内的天主教和伊斯兰教势力,以此巩固英国的新教身份认同。此外,斯宾塞所倡导的美德也具有积极作用,倡导美德的目的不仅在于塑造伊丽莎白时期模范的绅士形象,更是为了从新教内部强化自身宗教身份认同。结论部分对前三章的主要内容和观点进行总结,并进一步讨论了斯宾塞对宗教身份认同的认识。
[Abstract]:As a huge national epic, Spencer's The Fairy Queen profoundly reflects the political, economic and religious conditions of Elizabeth I. Spencer was in the latter half of the Reformation, and the struggle between the old and the new religious forces was so complicated that the religious problems in the Fairy Queen attracted much attention. Starting from religious doctrines, rituals and church organizations, this paper explores Spencer's religious stand and outlook, and argues that Spencer, as a devout Protestant, opposes Roman Catholicism, supports the Queen's Protestant policies and promotes the establishment of Protestant religious identity in Britain. However, the anxiety behind the consolidation of British Protestant identity has little to do with it. Note. This paper attempts to explore the anxiety of religious identity from the perspective of disease. Spencer's metaphorical treatment of the disease in the book is not only a physiological disease, but also carries a richer political, moral and religious implications. Disease is an important carrier for Spencer to express his religious identity anxiety. Disease not only externally presents the threat and attack of Catholic and Islamic forces on British Protestant identity, but also internally reflects the Protestants'anxiety about forgetting and losing their religious identity. The introduction mainly introduces the understanding of disease in Elizabethan times, which was influenced by the ancient Greek philosophy, the Bible, Galen's body fluid theory and the prevailing Paracelsus theory, respectively. People's cognition of the disease is closely related to politics, society, culture and religion. In addition, this section also reviews the studies of the disease in Queen Fairy. Chapter 1 expounds the treatment of illness in Catholicism and Islam. The plague, Duisa's malformed body indicates syphilis, and the Muslims, Simocles and Pilocis, suffer from syphilis. The infectivity of their diseases and the harm they cause to the health of knights and women like Yuna and Bellfibe, arouse people's anxiety and anxiety, and reflect the influence of Catholicism and Islam on Britain. Chapter 2 mainly analyzes the physical and mental illness suffered by the knights in the Fairy Queen. Illness can be seen not only as the attack of the other, but also as the punishment of God. The Red Cross abandons Yuna and Guyang leaves the traveler as a sign of being far away from God. They abandon the knot of God's grace. In addition, they suffer from mental illness, mainly moral degeneration. Knights suffer from illness that results from deviation from God and loss of their religious identity, thus causing religious identity anxiety. Chapter 3 focuses on how to alleviate religious identity anxiety. The disease presented the religious identity anxiety of the time and actively explored ways to alleviate anxiety.Purification therapy in Queen Fairy not only refers to the removal of diseases in the body to achieve a cure effect, but also has a rich connotation. In order to maintain the health of Britain, it is necessary to purify the domestic Catholic and Islamic forces in Britain as a sclerotherapy. In addition, Spencer advocates virtue, which is not only aimed at shaping the model gentleman image of Elizabeth, but also to strengthen their religious identity from within the Protestant religion. Spencer's understanding of religious identity was discussed.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.072

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