论欧茨《他们》中女性的生存困境
发布时间：2018-08-23 09:51
【摘要】：乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨是美国当代著名的女性作家、剧作家,评论家和诗人。在她五十多年的文学生涯中,欧茨共出版50余部长篇小说,30余部短篇小说集、12部文学评论集等。她的长篇小说《他们》(1969),作为欧茨最出色的作品之一,聚焦1930年代到1960年代美国的社会变迁而取得巨大的胜利并赢得1970年的国家图书奖,引起文学评论界的极大关注。但是有关乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨的研究焦点主要集中在暴力、悲剧、伦理指向等,且多聚焦于男性主人公,而对她作品中广大女性人物研究不够充分。但是从《他们》一书中可以看出,欧茨深切关注着男权社会下女性的生存困境。本论文共包含三个部分。引言部分简要介绍乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨的生平、作品以及国内外研究现状。第一章到第三章分别剖析了欧茨的《他们》中三位典型的女性人物:顺从型的女性、消极反抗的女性以及激进反抗型女性角色。第一章探讨了以洛雷塔为代表的顺从性女性角色,面临男权社会的各种压迫,洛雷塔始终采取隐忍的态度,甚至成为男权社会的发言人,致使其一生都活在压迫与悲剧之中。第二章分析以莫琳为代表的这一类消极反抗型女性形象。面对父权的压迫,莫琳试图以一己之力改变女性的从属地位,但是由于她没有联合其他女性形成同盟,过于势单力薄而使她无法摆脱早已注定的悲剧命运。第三章讨论了娜旦这类激进反抗型女性人物。她出生优渥,却对社会不满,想要以逃跑的方式摆脱男权的枷锁,终因行为过激,而以失败告终。最后一部分是总结,通过《他们》中几位女主人公的悲剧命运,欧茨向我们揭示了1930至1960年代美国妇女所面临的生存困境,这不仅仅是个人的灾难,更是当时整个美国社会中的女性的真实写照。而欧茨对女性生活及心理活动的细致描写也表现了她对女性生存环境以及整个人类社会都充满了深切的关注。
[Abstract]:Joyce Carroll Oates is a famous contemporary American woman writer, playwright, critic and poet. In her literary career of more than 50 years, Oates published more than 50 novels and more than 30 short stories. Her novel "they" (1969), one of Oates's best works, focused on the great victory of American social change from 1930s to 1960s and won the National Book Award in 1970, which attracted great attention of literary critics. However, Joyce Carroll Oates focuses on violence, tragedy, ethical orientation and so on, and focuses on the male protagonists, but the study of the vast number of female characters in her works is not enough. But as can be seen from their book, Oates is deeply concerned about the plight of women in patriarchal society. This thesis consists of three parts. The introduction briefly introduces Joyce Carroll Oates' life, works and research situation at home and abroad. The first to third chapters analyze three typical female characters in Oates'"them": submissive female, passive rebellious female and radical rebellious female character. The first chapter discusses the submissive female characters represented by Loretta, who is confronted with various kinds of oppression in the male-dominated society. Loretta always takes a patient attitude and even becomes the spokesman of the male-dominated society, resulting in his whole life living in oppression and tragedy. The second chapter analyzes this kind of passive and rebellious female image represented by Maureen. In the face of patriarchal oppression, Maureen tried to change the subordinate position of women by herself, but because she did not unite with other women to form an alliance, she was too single-minded to get rid of her tragic destiny. The third chapter discusses such radical and rebellious female characters as Na Dan. She was born mercifully, but dissatisfied with society. She tried to escape the shackles of male power by running away and ended in failure by excesses. The last part is to sum up, through the tragic fate of several heroines in them, Oates reveals to us the plight of American women from 1930 to 1960, which is not just a personal disaster. It is also the true portrayal of women in the whole American society at that time. Oates' detailed description of women's life and psychological activities also shows her deep concern for women's living environment and the whole human society.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2198681
[Abstract]:Joyce Carroll Oates is a famous contemporary American woman writer, playwright, critic and poet. In her literary career of more than 50 years, Oates published more than 50 novels and more than 30 short stories. Her novel "they" (1969), one of Oates's best works, focused on the great victory of American social change from 1930s to 1960s and won the National Book Award in 1970, which attracted great attention of literary critics. However, Joyce Carroll Oates focuses on violence, tragedy, ethical orientation and so on, and focuses on the male protagonists, but the study of the vast number of female characters in her works is not enough. But as can be seen from their book, Oates is deeply concerned about the plight of women in patriarchal society. This thesis consists of three parts. The introduction briefly introduces Joyce Carroll Oates' life, works and research situation at home and abroad. The first to third chapters analyze three typical female characters in Oates'"them": submissive female, passive rebellious female and radical rebellious female character. The first chapter discusses the submissive female characters represented by Loretta, who is confronted with various kinds of oppression in the male-dominated society. Loretta always takes a patient attitude and even becomes the spokesman of the male-dominated society, resulting in his whole life living in oppression and tragedy. The second chapter analyzes this kind of passive and rebellious female image represented by Maureen. In the face of patriarchal oppression, Maureen tried to change the subordinate position of women by herself, but because she did not unite with other women to form an alliance, she was too single-minded to get rid of her tragic destiny. The third chapter discusses such radical and rebellious female characters as Na Dan. She was born mercifully, but dissatisfied with society. She tried to escape the shackles of male power by running away and ended in failure by excesses. The last part is to sum up, through the tragic fate of several heroines in them, Oates reveals to us the plight of American women from 1930 to 1960, which is not just a personal disaster. It is also the true portrayal of women in the whole American society at that time. Oates' detailed description of women's life and psychological activities also shows her deep concern for women's living environment and the whole human society.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
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