《水泥花园》中的异化、失常与冷酷

发布时间：2018-08-22 20:18

【摘要】：英国当代小说家伊恩·麦克尤恩的长篇小说《水泥花园》通过少年杰克的第一人称视角,展现了兄妹四人在冷酷都市环境下变得无情,在失常的家庭影响下变得无爱,心理逐渐扭曲,变得异化的过程。本论文以列菲弗尔的空间理论为理论依托,从个体心理空间、家庭空间及都市空间三个层次探讨小说中的异化、无常和冷酷的主题。从个体心理空间看,兄妹四人的心理空间已完全异化。大姐朱莉完全继承了“水泥”所代表的精神,冷漠专制;杰克失去了正常与人交往与沟通能力,厌恶甚至侮辱自己,扭曲变态;苏只是每天沉浸在自己的世界里,自我孤僻;而最小的孩子汤姆拒绝长大,将自己完全变回到“奶娃娃”的状态,主动退化。异化的个体心理空间加剧了家庭空间的失常。家庭空间本应是容纳亲情、爱情、友情的一个空间,然而小说中四个小主人公所承受的却是家庭空间的冷漠和淡薄。夫妻之间形同路人,父母与孩子之间缺乏关心和爱护,兄妹四人之间亲情错乱,整个家庭正在经历着一场反常乱伦的畸变。花园已经被水泥覆盖,家也已经被水泥覆盖,水泥花园中的生存状态不仅是这个家庭的写照,也是当代西方社会家庭空间孤独而悲凉的缩影。无爱失常的家庭空间又预示了都市空间的冷酷。小说中的花园,全然没有鸟语花香,而是被水泥覆盖和包围了的死气沉沉,萧条荒芜。整个当代西方社会正像是一个更大的水泥花园,完全被冷漠的物质主义思想和孤独的生存生态环境所笼罩。冷酷的都市空间侵犯并掠夺了一切自然因素,造成了空间主体的崩塌与丧失。在扭曲的情感生态和病态的审美取向作用下,兄妹四人也失去了情感,背离了一切行为准则,逐渐沦为丧失了心灵皈依的机械人,成为丧失了情感关爱的冷漠的“水泥”人。异化的个体心理空间映射并影响了整个家庭空间和都市空间,而冷酷的都市和无常的家庭又加深了个体心理空间的异化。在西方没落的都市文化中,家庭失常,孩童的精神世界逐渐扭曲异化。水泥花园般的家庭生存空间揭示了当代西方社会的多重困境和都市人的生存状态。
[Abstract]:The novel "cement Garden" by British contemporary novelist Ian McEwan shows through the first person perspective of young Jack that the four brothers and sisters have become ruthless in a cold urban environment and have become loveless under the influence of a dysfunctional family. The process of gradually distorting and becoming alienated. Based on Lefevere's space theory, this paper discusses the themes of alienation, impermanence and coldness in the novel from three levels: individual psychological space, family space and urban space. From the point of view of individual psychological space, the psychological space of the four brothers and sisters has been completely alienated. Julie, the elder sister, completely inherited the spirit of "cement", indifferent autocratic; Jack lost his normal ability to communicate and communicate with people, hated and even insulted himself, twisted and perverted; Sue just immersed in his own world every day, self-seclusion; The youngest child, Tom, refused to grow up, turning himself completely back into a "milk doll" and degenerating. The alienation of individual psychological space intensifies the aberration of family space. Family space is supposed to be a space for family, love and friendship, but the four little protagonists in the novel bear the indifference and weakness of family space. Husband and wife form the same passers-by, parents and children between the lack of care and love, brother and sister between the four family disorder, the whole family is going through an abnormal incest distortion. The garden has been covered by cement, and home has been covered by cement. The living state of the cement garden is not only a portrayal of this family, but also a lonely and sad epitome of the space of the family in contemporary western society. The love-free family space also foreshadowed the coldness of urban space. The garden in the novel, no birds and flowers, but covered with cement and surrounded by the dead, depressingly desolate. The whole contemporary western society is like a larger concrete garden, completely enveloped by the indifferent materialism and the lonely living environment. Cold urban space encroaches and plunders all natural factors, resulting in the collapse and loss of space subject. Under the action of distorted emotional ecology and pathological aesthetic orientation, the four brothers and sisters also lost their feelings, deviated from all the codes of conduct, gradually reduced to robots who lost their spiritual conversion, and became "cement" people who lost their emotional care. The alienation of individual psychological space reflects and affects the whole family space and the urban space, while the cold city and the impermanent family deepen the alienation of the individual psychological space. In the declining urban culture of the West, the family is out of order and the spiritual world of children is gradually distorted and alienated. The family living space like cement garden reveals the numerous predicament of the contemporary western society and the living state of the urban people.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074

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