《美国悲剧》的伦理表达
发布时间：2018-08-28 17:34
【摘要】：美国现实主义作家和美国现代小说的先驱西奥多·德莱塞(1871-1945)也是美国转型时期书写身份的重要作家,他的大多数作品中的主人公都在寻求向上的身份。其代表作《美国悲剧》讲述了主人公克莱德·格里菲思为了跻身上流社会而杀害怀孕的女友最终被处以电刑的悲剧故事。《美国悲剧》自1925年发表以来引起了国内外学者的广泛关注,他们大多集中于分析小说中的阶级问题、艺术特色,消费主义,悲剧成因和主题,但鲜有学者从文学伦理学批评视角解读这部小说。本文主要运用文学伦理学的批评方法,在文本细读的基础上,以克莱德·格里菲思的身份为主线分析小说中的伦理要素:克莱德身份的背离和伦理环境,克莱德身份的追寻和伦理困境,克莱德身份的毁灭和伦理悲剧,以此揭示德莱塞在小说中表达的伦理思想。从文学伦理学批评的视角解读《美国悲剧》,不仅可以加深对作品的理解,还可以获得对当代社会的启示。论文共分为五个部分。第一章为介绍西奥多·德莱塞的生平,其代表作《美国悲剧》,国内外学者对这部小说的研究现状,并阐释文学伦理学批评方法的主要内容,指出文学伦理学解读《美国悲剧》具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。第二章分析克莱德·格里菲思身份的背离和伦理环境。克莱德不仅背离贫穷的街头传教士的儿子身份,还背离汽车事故的肇事者身份。他的背离与禁欲、非理性和不道德的家庭伦理环境以及两极分化、信仰失落和消费盛行的社会伦理环境息息相关。第三章分析克莱德·格里菲思身份的追寻和伦理困境。他追求他的家庭身份,职业身份和婚姻身份,然而却陷入了双重家庭身份的混乱,家庭身份和职业身份的混乱,职业身份和恋人身份的混乱,使他陷入罗伯塔流产失败和逼婚的伦理困境。第四章结合威廉·詹姆斯的自我概念解读克莱德·格里菲思身份的毁灭,从而分析克莱德伦理悲剧的成因。克莱德因政治秩序的伦理混乱,精神救赎的失败和伦理禁忌的破坏分别导致其社会自我,精神自我和物质自我的毁灭,其身份最终毁灭。综观全文克莱德的悲剧不仅是个人伦理悲剧,也是家庭伦理悲剧和社会伦理悲剧。第五章为结论部分。本论文认为克莱德因身份的变化而处于伦理混乱中,面对伦理困境做出错误的选择,从而导致其的悲剧,同时在克莱德悲剧的背后隐含着深刻的家庭和社会伦理成因。德莱塞作为饱受争议的作家,其伦理观鲜为人知,通过对其代表作《美国悲剧》的伦理解读发现德莱塞对伦理秩序的重视以及对家庭伦理关怀和完善社会伦理秩序的呼吁。
[Abstract]:Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945), a realistic American writer and a pioneer of modern American novels, is also an important writer in the period of American transformation. The protagonists in most of his works are seeking for an upward identity. His masterpiece, American tragedy, tells the tragic story of the protagonist Clyde Griffith, who killed his pregnant girlfriend in order to join the upper class and was eventually electrocuted. The American tragedy has been published in China since 1925. The widespread concern of foreign scholars, Most of them focus on the analysis of class problems, artistic characteristics, consumerism, tragic causes and themes in the novel, but few scholars interpret the novel from the perspective of literary ethics criticism. This paper mainly uses the critical method of literary ethics, on the basis of careful reading of the text, taking Clyde Griffith's identity as the main line to analyze the ethical elements in the novel: the deviation of Clyde's identity and the ethical environment. The pursuit and ethical dilemma of Clyde's identity, the destruction of Clyde's identity and the ethical tragedy reveal the ethical thoughts expressed by Dreiser in his novels. The interpretation of American tragedy from the perspective of literary ethics criticism can not only deepen the understanding of the works, but also obtain the enlightenment to the contemporary society. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter introduces Theodore Dreiser's life, his masterpiece American tragedy, the current research situation of this novel by scholars at home and abroad, and explains the main contents of literary ethics criticism. It is pointed out that the interpretation of American tragedy by literary ethics has important theoretical and practical significance. The second chapter analyzes Clyde Griffith identity deviation and ethical environment. Clyde deviated not only from the son of poor street missionaries, but also from the perpetrators of car accidents. His deviations are closely related to abstinence, irrational and immoral family ethical environment, polarization, loss of belief and the prevailing social ethical environment of consumption. Chapter three analyzes Clyde Griffith's pursuit of identity and ethical dilemma. He pursues his family identity, professional identity and marriage identity, but he is caught in the confusion of dual family identity, family identity and professional identity, professional identity and lover identity confusion, He was caught in the ethical dilemma of Roberta's miscarriage and forced marriage. Chapter four analyzes the causes of Clyde Griffith's ethical tragedy by analyzing the destruction of Clyde Griffith's identity based on William James' self-concept. Because of the ethical disorder of political order, the failure of spiritual redemption and the destruction of ethical taboos, Clyde leads to the destruction of his social self, spiritual self and material self respectively, and the final destruction of his identity. The tragedy of Clyde is not only a tragedy of personal ethics, but also a tragedy of family ethics and social ethics. The fifth chapter is the conclusion. This thesis holds that Clyde is in the ethical confusion because of the change of his identity, and makes a wrong choice in the face of ethical dilemma, which leads to his tragedy. At the same time, behind the tragedy of Clyde, there are profound causes of family and social ethics. As a controversial writer, Dreiser is seldom known about his ethics. Through the ethical interpretation of his masterpiece, American tragedy, it is found that Dreiser attaches great importance to the ethical order and calls for the care of family ethics and the perfection of social ethical order.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2210088
[Abstract]:Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945), a realistic American writer and a pioneer of modern American novels, is also an important writer in the period of American transformation. The protagonists in most of his works are seeking for an upward identity. His masterpiece, American tragedy, tells the tragic story of the protagonist Clyde Griffith, who killed his pregnant girlfriend in order to join the upper class and was eventually electrocuted. The American tragedy has been published in China since 1925. The widespread concern of foreign scholars, Most of them focus on the analysis of class problems, artistic characteristics, consumerism, tragic causes and themes in the novel, but few scholars interpret the novel from the perspective of literary ethics criticism. This paper mainly uses the critical method of literary ethics, on the basis of careful reading of the text, taking Clyde Griffith's identity as the main line to analyze the ethical elements in the novel: the deviation of Clyde's identity and the ethical environment. The pursuit and ethical dilemma of Clyde's identity, the destruction of Clyde's identity and the ethical tragedy reveal the ethical thoughts expressed by Dreiser in his novels. The interpretation of American tragedy from the perspective of literary ethics criticism can not only deepen the understanding of the works, but also obtain the enlightenment to the contemporary society. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter introduces Theodore Dreiser's life, his masterpiece American tragedy, the current research situation of this novel by scholars at home and abroad, and explains the main contents of literary ethics criticism. It is pointed out that the interpretation of American tragedy by literary ethics has important theoretical and practical significance. The second chapter analyzes Clyde Griffith identity deviation and ethical environment. Clyde deviated not only from the son of poor street missionaries, but also from the perpetrators of car accidents. His deviations are closely related to abstinence, irrational and immoral family ethical environment, polarization, loss of belief and the prevailing social ethical environment of consumption. Chapter three analyzes Clyde Griffith's pursuit of identity and ethical dilemma. He pursues his family identity, professional identity and marriage identity, but he is caught in the confusion of dual family identity, family identity and professional identity, professional identity and lover identity confusion, He was caught in the ethical dilemma of Roberta's miscarriage and forced marriage. Chapter four analyzes the causes of Clyde Griffith's ethical tragedy by analyzing the destruction of Clyde Griffith's identity based on William James' self-concept. Because of the ethical disorder of political order, the failure of spiritual redemption and the destruction of ethical taboos, Clyde leads to the destruction of his social self, spiritual self and material self respectively, and the final destruction of his identity. The tragedy of Clyde is not only a tragedy of personal ethics, but also a tragedy of family ethics and social ethics. The fifth chapter is the conclusion. This thesis holds that Clyde is in the ethical confusion because of the change of his identity, and makes a wrong choice in the face of ethical dilemma, which leads to his tragedy. At the same time, behind the tragedy of Clyde, there are profound causes of family and social ethics. As a controversial writer, Dreiser is seldom known about his ethics. Through the ethical interpretation of his masterpiece, American tragedy, it is found that Dreiser attaches great importance to the ethical order and calls for the care of family ethics and the perfection of social ethical order.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
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