《卡拉玛佐夫兄弟》创作中的聚和性

发布时间：2018-09-06 17:01

【摘要】：陀思妥耶夫斯基是一位文学天才,是俄国文学史上最伟大也是最复杂最矛盾的作家之一。他以其独特的诗学艺术和丰富的思想创作了多部价值非凡的文学作品,获得了世界性的声誉。他的作品也为后世的文学研究者们留下了广阔的研究空间,而他独特深邃的宗教思想更是一个取之不尽的思想宝库,是其文学创作的主题和核心。长篇小说《卡拉玛佐夫兄弟》作为作家一生心灵探索的总结,作为最能体现陀思妥耶夫斯基诗学艺术的代表作,更是一直为研究者们所关注、所探究。早在上世纪20年代,巴赫金就把陀思妥耶夫斯基小说创作的诗学结构称之为“复调”,并提出了相关的理论,认为陀思妥耶夫斯基作品的艺术构造具有“共时性”的特征,是在同一空间中各种思想同时发声的“复调”小说。这一评价得到了世界各国研究者的普遍认同。当代研究者们沿着“复调”的方向继续深入挖掘着陀思妥耶夫斯基的诗学艺术。然而,笔者认为,陀思妥耶夫斯基的诗学艺术不仅仅具有共时性的特征,还具有“历时性”和“聚和性”特征。为了分析和揭示《卡拉玛佐夫兄弟》中的“聚和性”意识,笔者将从小说中同时共存的由下往上的三个精神层面来进行分析,分别是潜意识层面、现实层面和超越现实层面。小说是在统一的宗教语境下,三种层面意识的聚和。
[Abstract]:Dostoevsky is a literary genius and one of the greatest and most complicated and contradictory writers in the history of Russian literature. With his unique poetic art and rich thoughts, he created many literary works of extraordinary value and gained a worldwide reputation. His works also leave a wide research space for later literary researchers, and his unique and profound religious thought is an inexhaustible treasure house of thought, which is the theme and core of his literary creation. The novel the Brothers Karamatsov, as a summary of the writer's spiritual exploration throughout his life, as the masterpiece of Dostoevsky's poetics, has always been concerned and explored by researchers. As early as 1920s, Bakhtin called the poetic structure of Dostoevsky's novel "polyphonic", and put forward the relevant theory that the artistic structure of Dostoevsky's works had the characteristic of "synchronic". It is a polyphonic novel in the same space. This evaluation is generally accepted by researchers all over the world. Contemporary researchers continue to explore Dostoevsky's poetic art in the direction of polyphony. However, the author thinks that Dostoevsky's poetic art has not only the synchronic character, but also the "diachronic" and "convergence" characteristics. In order to analyze and reveal the consciousness of "harmony" in the Brothers Karamatsov, the author will analyze it from the three spiritual levels from the bottom to the top, which coexist simultaneously in the novel, namely, the subconscious level, the realistic level and the transcendental level. Under the unified religious context, the novel is a combination of three levels of consciousness.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I512.074

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