论《苏格兰人的书》中的冲突主题
发布时间：2018-09-06 17:55
【摘要】：刘易斯·格拉西克·吉本(Lewis Grassic Gibbon,1901-1935)是苏格兰著名的现实主义作家,在苏格兰文学史上享有盛誉。《苏格兰人的书》是吉本完全以苏格兰为背景创作的三部曲。作品通过女主人公克丽斯一波三折的人生经历,描述了克丽斯从农村到城镇再到工业城市的生活经历和心路历程,展示了苏格兰偏远地区从农业社会到工业社会的历史变迁。作品自出版以来,在国内外引起了广泛关注。许多学者从语言特色、民族主义、女性主义以及历史观等视角对其进行了研究,而较少有学者关注作品中的冲突主题。冲突是刘易斯·科塞在《社会冲突的功能》一书中提出的核心概念。在他看来,社会秩序的维持需要一定程度的共识,当这种共识的程度受到影响且被降低后,冲突就会应运而生。在社会生活中,任何一种社会关系都存在显性和隐形的冲突。本文从科塞的冲突视角出发,并联系二十世纪上半叶两次世界大战的时代背景,以此分析《苏格兰人的书》中的冲突主题。论文分别从个体、家庭和社会群体三个层面对文本中所体现的冲突主题进行分析:看似前途一片光明的克丽斯为何会对自己产生怀疑?本应亲密无间的家庭成员之间为何心生嫌隙?个体与社会群体又是如何走向对立?这三个问题切中小说冲突主题之肯綮以及各个层级之冲突的实质内涵。论文导语部分介绍了国内外研究成果。第一章主要探讨女主人公克丽斯的自我冲突。克丽斯本应该有着美好的未来,然而在特定的历史语境下,她不仅面临着内心的意志与人性脆弱的冲突;而且她在追求共同的民族身份时,其固有的苏格兰身份又时时给她造成困惑,二者形成冲突。这一内在多层次的矛盾焦虑不仅反映了个人的信仰缺失,同时也折射出二十世纪初的社会问题对个人造成的影响。第二章聚焦克丽斯与其家人的冲突。在社会变迁大背景下,家庭成员的关系及价值观念发生了变化,这些变化主要表现在父辈与子辈以及夫妻之间。谨遵道德规范的克丽斯与违背道德伦理的父亲格格不入;而成年后的克丽斯在三次失败婚姻中与三任丈夫也展现出了不同的价值追求。在这种情况下,维系家庭和睦的家庭共识趋于消散,导致家庭内部矛盾重重。家庭矛盾折射出二十世纪初苏格兰家庭内部成员关系的变化,从而引发了人们对社会伦理的思考。第三章剖析了克丽斯与以地主、租客和罢工者为代表的社会群体的冲突。这些社会群体的部分成员在社会转型时期变得自私自利,逐渐迷失自我,他们诋毁、驱赶、打压同胞。作为已经觉醒的理性个体,克丽斯在与他们相处的过程中冲突不断。克丽斯与群体成员之间的矛盾冲突,充分表现了一些群体成员在这一过程中所展现出来的疏离感以及特定历史语境下人情的淡漠。《苏格兰人的书》生动地刻画了不同层面的冲突,再现了转型时期苏格兰社会的动乱场面,揭示了二十世纪上半叶苏格兰固有的社会共识日渐瓦解的局面,表达了吉本对社会变迁背景下人们的认同危机、道德滑坡以及价值冲突等问题的深切关注,以及他对苏格兰社会现实寄予的深厚的人文关怀。
[Abstract]:Lewis Grassic Gibbon (1901-1935) is a famous Scottish realist writer and is well-known in Scottish literary history. The life experience and mental process from rural to urban and then to industrial cities reveal the historical changes from agricultural to industrial societies in remote Scotland. Since its publication, it has attracted wide attention at home and abroad. In Lewis Cossey's book The Function of Social Conflict, conflict is the core concept. In his view, the maintenance of social order requires a certain degree of consensus. When the degree of consensus is affected and reduced, conflict will arise. In social life, any kind of conflict. There are explicit and implicit conflicts in social relations. This paper analyzes the conflict themes in The Scottish Book from the perspective of Cosse's conflict and the background of the two world wars in the first half of the twentieth century. Why does Chris, who seems to have a bright future, doubt herself? Why do family members who are supposed to be close to each other feel suspicious? How do individuals and social groups go against each other? These three questions concern the relevance of the theme of the novel's conflict and the essence of the conflict at all levels. The introduction part of the paper introduces the domestic situation. The first chapter mainly discusses the self-conflict of the heroine Chris. Chris should have a bright future. However, in the specific historical context, she is not only confronted with the conflict between the inner will and the fragile human nature, but also in pursuit of a common national identity, her inherent Scottish identity has caused her from time to time. Chapter 2 focuses on the conflict between Chris and her family. Under the background of social change, the relationship and values of family members have changed. These changes are mainly manifested between parents and children, as well as between husband and wife. Chris, who follows the code of ethics, is at odds with a father who violates the code of ethics; and Chris, who has grown up, shows different values in three failed marriages from her three husbands. In this case, the consensus to maintain family harmony tends to dissipate. Family contradictions reflect the changes in family relations in Scotland at the beginning of the twentieth century, thus triggering a reflection on social ethics. Chapter Three analyzes the conflicts between Chris and social groups represented by landlords, tenants and strikers. As an awakened rational individual, Chris is in constant conflict with them. The conflict between Chris and the members of the group fully shows the alienation and the specific experience that some members of the group show in the process. The book of the Scots vividly depicts the conflicts at different levels, reproduces the turbulence in Scottish society during the transitional period, reveals the disintegration of the social consensus inherent in Scotland in the first half of the twentieth century, and expresses Gibbon's crisis of identity in the context of social change and the decline of morality. He is deeply concerned about issues such as value conflicts, and his deep humanistic concern for Scottish social reality.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2227091
[Abstract]:Lewis Grassic Gibbon (1901-1935) is a famous Scottish realist writer and is well-known in Scottish literary history. The life experience and mental process from rural to urban and then to industrial cities reveal the historical changes from agricultural to industrial societies in remote Scotland. Since its publication, it has attracted wide attention at home and abroad. In Lewis Cossey's book The Function of Social Conflict, conflict is the core concept. In his view, the maintenance of social order requires a certain degree of consensus. When the degree of consensus is affected and reduced, conflict will arise. In social life, any kind of conflict. There are explicit and implicit conflicts in social relations. This paper analyzes the conflict themes in The Scottish Book from the perspective of Cosse's conflict and the background of the two world wars in the first half of the twentieth century. Why does Chris, who seems to have a bright future, doubt herself? Why do family members who are supposed to be close to each other feel suspicious? How do individuals and social groups go against each other? These three questions concern the relevance of the theme of the novel's conflict and the essence of the conflict at all levels. The introduction part of the paper introduces the domestic situation. The first chapter mainly discusses the self-conflict of the heroine Chris. Chris should have a bright future. However, in the specific historical context, she is not only confronted with the conflict between the inner will and the fragile human nature, but also in pursuit of a common national identity, her inherent Scottish identity has caused her from time to time. Chapter 2 focuses on the conflict between Chris and her family. Under the background of social change, the relationship and values of family members have changed. These changes are mainly manifested between parents and children, as well as between husband and wife. Chris, who follows the code of ethics, is at odds with a father who violates the code of ethics; and Chris, who has grown up, shows different values in three failed marriages from her three husbands. In this case, the consensus to maintain family harmony tends to dissipate. Family contradictions reflect the changes in family relations in Scotland at the beginning of the twentieth century, thus triggering a reflection on social ethics. Chapter Three analyzes the conflicts between Chris and social groups represented by landlords, tenants and strikers. As an awakened rational individual, Chris is in constant conflict with them. The conflict between Chris and the members of the group fully shows the alienation and the specific experience that some members of the group show in the process. The book of the Scots vividly depicts the conflicts at different levels, reproduces the turbulence in Scottish society during the transitional period, reveals the disintegration of the social consensus inherent in Scotland in the first half of the twentieth century, and expresses Gibbon's crisis of identity in the context of social change and the decline of morality. He is deeply concerned about issues such as value conflicts, and his deep humanistic concern for Scottish social reality.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074
【参考文献】
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1 陈茂林;;《苏格兰人的书》:一部优秀的左翼历史小说[J];浙江外国语学院学报;2014年01期
，本文编号：2227091
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