中美20世纪小说中“白痴叙述者”的比较研究

发布时间：2018-10-05 19:44

【摘要】：关于叙述者的讨论是叙事学的一个重要的层面,在中美20世纪的小说中,许多作者选择智力低下的人作为叙述者讲述故事,这类特殊的叙事者呈现出某种相似性,为作品和读者带来新奇的感受和独特的审美韵味。本文即从“白痴叙述者”出发,探讨这类人物和作品的特殊性,从而审视现代社会与非理性之间的关系,对人类认识和处理自我与他者之间的关系提供新的视角和解决方案。首先,对“白痴叙述者”进行概念的界定,在分别对“白痴”和“叙述者”进行文学判断的基础上,总结出“白痴叙述者”应为智力明显低于故事中的其他人物,或由于遵循自我的价值观念而被人称为傻子,以第一人称“我”来叙述故事的现身型叙述者,他既是故事的参与者,同时也是叙述行为的发出者。由此出发,第二章从故事层面与话语层面对“白痴叙述者”的特征进行概括。作为人物,他们或是即将没落的大家族后代,或是平凡的劳动人民,通常被感性支配,缺乏理性。他们都参与到故事中,与故事中的其他人物产生各种密切联系。作为“叙述者”,在叙述技巧上表现为叙述时间的混乱性,以单一的有限视角和全知视角相结合的叙述状态,偶尔会有作者的声音通过叙述者传达出来,造成一种裂缝美。第三章着重对“白痴叙述者”为作品带来的审美效果进行探讨。作品本身由于叙述者的特性呈现出原始性和后现代性两种特点,展现了这个时代的特征。从作者创作意图出发,这类叙述者的选择使作品表现内容时更具有真实感,同时生成一种特殊的反讽效果。最后从社会与个人的关系和读者接受的角度对这类作品带来的新视角和新的阅读体验进行论证。通过以上论述可以看出白痴叙述者在叙述时提供了一种陌生化的形态,给予读者重新审视社会审视自我与他者关系的刺激,有利于在科学不断发展的时代寻找生命的本真与内涵。
[Abstract]:The discussion about narrator is an important aspect of narratology. In the 20th century novels between China and the United States, many writers choose the mentally retarded person as the narrator to tell the story, and this kind of special narrator shows some similarity. Bring novel feelings and unique aesthetic appeal to the works and readers. This paper discusses the particularity of this kind of characters and works from the perspective of "idiotic narrator", so as to examine the relationship between modern society and irrationality, and to provide a new perspective and solution for human beings to understand and deal with the relationship between themselves and others. First of all, the concept of "idiotic narrator" is defined, and on the basis of literary judgment on "idiocy" and "narrator", it is concluded that "idiotic narrator" should be obviously less intelligent than the other characters in the story. Or he is called a fool because of following the values of self. He is not only the participant of the story, but also the issuer of the narrative behavior in the first person "I" to tell the story. The second chapter generalizes the characteristics of idiotic narrator from story level and discourse level. As characters, they are often controlled by sensibility and lack of reason. They are all involved in the story and have all sorts of close connections with the rest of the story. As a narrator, the narrative technique is characterized by the confusion of narrative time, the narrative state of combining a single limited angle of view with an all-knowing perspective, and occasionally the author's voice is conveyed through the narrator, resulting in a kind of crack beauty. The third chapter focuses on the aesthetic effect of idiotic narrator. The works show the characteristics of this era because of the characteristics of the narrator and the postmodernity. Based on the author's creative intention, the choice of this kind of narrator makes the content of the work more realistic and produces a special ironic effect at the same time. Finally, from the perspective of the relationship between society and individual and readers' acceptance, this paper demonstrates the new visual angle and new reading experience brought about by this kind of works. Through the above discussion, we can see that the idiotic narrator provides a kind of defamiliarization form in the narration, which gives the reader the stimulus to re-examine the relationship between himself and the other. It is beneficial to seek the essence and connotation of life in the age of continuous development of science.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I106.4-03

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