马拉默德《新生活》的原型研究
发布时间：2018-11-03 21:33
【摘要】：伯纳德·马拉默德是二战后一位重要的美国犹太裔作家。他的第三部长篇小说《新生活》以20世纪50年代的美国西部为背景,讲述了主人公列文在西部追寻新生活的故事。本文试图运用弗莱的原型批评理论分析《新生活》中的原型,包括人物原型,叙事结构原型和主题原型。原型批评是20世纪后半叶兴起的非常具有影响力的文学批评理论之一。在文学批评中,原型是指在各种文学作品,以及神话、梦幻乃至社会礼仪中反复显现并可识别的叙事策略、行为模式、人物类型、主题和意象。本文首先研究小说《新生活》中人物的原型意义。通过人物性格特点和生活经历的对比分析可以发现主人公列文的原型是亚当,波琳的原型是夏娃。亚当与夏娃是《创世纪》中第一位男性和女性。他们可以看作是人类的祖先。通过原型人物的使用,马拉默德揭示了具有普世价值的人类道德价值观,如担当责任和从苦难中学习。本文继而分析小说《新生活》中的原型叙事结构。弗莱认为《圣经》的叙述大体上呈现一个U形叙事结构:人类因背叛上帝,偷食了禁果,而堕入一个苦难的世界,最终通过忏悔获得救赎。小说中列文追寻新生活的经历同样呈现U形叙事结构。可以概括为“堕落——沉沦——重生”的过程。本文最后分析小说《新生活》中的原型主题。流浪与重生是小说呈现的两个主题。小说中的流浪主题表现为主人公列文追寻自我,以期找到心灵归宿的精神流浪。重生主题则表现为列文的道德重生,在结束精神流浪同时重塑自我。这两个原型主题贯穿于小说,表现了马拉默德对现代人类的内在道德价值的肯定。弗莱认为文学批评应该“往后站”,才能看清楚作品中的结构与原型。在小说中,通过履行道德准则,列文对自我、社会和人生有了更清醒的认识,这体现了马拉默德一贯的道德价值观和他对人类精神的坚定信念。通过原型分析可以发现马拉默德通过小说表达了他对现代社会人类发展命运的思考和他对道德价值的肯定。
[Abstract]:Bernard Malamud was an important American Jewish writer after World War II. His third novel, New Life, takes the West of America in the 1950s as the background, and tells the story of the protagonist Levin's pursuit of a new life in the West. This paper attempts to use Frey's archetypal criticism theory to analyze the archetypes in New Life, including character archetypes, narrative structure archetypes and thematic archetypes. Archetypal criticism is one of the most influential literary criticism theories in the second half of the 20th century. In literary criticism, archetypes refer to narrative strategies, behavior patterns, types of characters, themes and images that are repeated and identifiable in various literary works, as well as in myths, dreams and even social etiquette. This paper first studies the archetypal significance of the characters in the novel New Life. Through the comparative analysis of character characteristics and life experience, we can find that the protagonist Levin's prototype is Adam and Pauline's prototype is Eve. Adam and Eve were the first men and women in Genesis. They can be regarded as human ancestors. Through the use of archetypal characters, Malamud reveals universal values of human morality, such as responsibility and learning from suffering. This paper then analyzes the archetypal narrative structure in the novel New Life. Frye thinks that the narration of the Bible generally presents a U-shaped narrative structure: human beings fall into a world of suffering by betraying God and stealing the forbidden fruit, and finally they are redeemed through repentance. In the novel, Levin's pursuit of new life also presents a U-shaped narrative structure. It can be summarized as the process of "depravity-sinking-rebirth". At the end of this paper, the archetypal theme in the novel New Life is analyzed. Vagrancy and rebirth are the two themes of the novel. The theme of vagrancy in the novel is that the protagonist Levin pursues himself in order to find the spiritual vagrancy. The theme of rebirth is the moral rebirth of Levin, which reinvents himself at the same time of ending the spiritual vagrancy. These two archetypal themes run through the novel and express Malamud's affirmation of the intrinsic moral value of modern human beings. Frye believes that literary criticism should stand back to see the structure and archetype of the works. In the novel, Levin has a clearer understanding of himself, society and life by fulfilling moral norms, which embodies Malamud's consistent moral values and his firm belief in the human spirit. Through archetypal analysis, it can be found that Malamud expresses his thoughts on the development and fate of human beings in modern society and his affirmation of moral value in his novels.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
[Abstract]:Bernard Malamud was an important American Jewish writer after World War II. His third novel, New Life, takes the West of America in the 1950s as the background, and tells the story of the protagonist Levin's pursuit of a new life in the West. This paper attempts to use Frey's archetypal criticism theory to analyze the archetypes in New Life, including character archetypes, narrative structure archetypes and thematic archetypes. Archetypal criticism is one of the most influential literary criticism theories in the second half of the 20th century. In literary criticism, archetypes refer to narrative strategies, behavior patterns, types of characters, themes and images that are repeated and identifiable in various literary works, as well as in myths, dreams and even social etiquette. This paper first studies the archetypal significance of the characters in the novel New Life. Through the comparative analysis of character characteristics and life experience, we can find that the protagonist Levin's prototype is Adam and Pauline's prototype is Eve. Adam and Eve were the first men and women in Genesis. They can be regarded as human ancestors. Through the use of archetypal characters, Malamud reveals universal values of human morality, such as responsibility and learning from suffering. This paper then analyzes the archetypal narrative structure in the novel New Life. Frye thinks that the narration of the Bible generally presents a U-shaped narrative structure: human beings fall into a world of suffering by betraying God and stealing the forbidden fruit, and finally they are redeemed through repentance. In the novel, Levin's pursuit of new life also presents a U-shaped narrative structure. It can be summarized as the process of "depravity-sinking-rebirth". At the end of this paper, the archetypal theme in the novel New Life is analyzed. Vagrancy and rebirth are the two themes of the novel. The theme of vagrancy in the novel is that the protagonist Levin pursues himself in order to find the spiritual vagrancy. The theme of rebirth is the moral rebirth of Levin, which reinvents himself at the same time of ending the spiritual vagrancy. These two archetypal themes run through the novel and express Malamud's affirmation of the intrinsic moral value of modern human beings. Frye believes that literary criticism should stand back to see the structure and archetype of the works. In the novel, Levin has a clearer understanding of himself, society and life by fulfilling moral norms, which embodies Malamud's consistent moral values and his firm belief in the human spirit. Through archetypal analysis, it can be found that Malamud expresses his thoughts on the development and fate of human beings in modern society and his affirmation of moral value in his novels.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
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