从文学伦理学批评的视角看《傻瓜威尔逊》中汤姆的背叛
发布时间：2018-11-21 14:15
【摘要】：马克·吐温是十九世纪末美国批判现实主义文学的代表作家,他的作品里随处可见对社会现象的犀利讽刺。在小说《傻瓜威尔逊》中,马克·吐温叙述了罗克珊主导的换婴闹剧和以及由此导致的一系列惨剧。纵观前人的研究成果,多数研究着重探讨了对汤姆的教育和美国的奴隶制度,几乎没有从文学伦理批评的角度来对该小说中的背叛现象进行剖析。本文讨论了汤姆对其生母、叔叔和儿时玩伴的背叛,并分析了导致这种现象的因素。从总体上讲,这些因素可以分为外部因素和内部因素。外因如来自他人的威胁、汤姆由白人变为黑白混血儿这一伦理身份的转变、家人的溺爱、自尊受到的伤害和种族歧视是导致汤姆背叛亲友的催化剂。除此之外,汤姆人格上的缺点如不理性、懦弱和不负责任等都是导致他对亲友的背叛。占主导地位的非理智因素导致汤姆每次做出的决定都有违伦理道德规范。同时,汤姆还是个懦弱的人,对那些曾给予他帮助的人毫无感恩之心。只有将上述内外因素消除,汤姆才有可能不会陷入背叛亲友的伦理困境。尽管马克·吐温在小说中讽刺了奴隶制和种族隔离制度,但这并不意味着外部因素可以单独决定个人的行为。事实上,个人言行的形成是外部因素和内在品质共同作用的结果。因此,该小说中汤姆违背公认伦理秩序的行为是其所处的不良社会环境及其自身的低劣品质共同作用的结果。
[Abstract]:Mark Twain is a representative writer of American critical realism in the late 19th century. In the novel Fool Wilson, Mark Twain describes Roxanne's infanticide and a series of tragedies. Throughout the previous studies, most of the studies focused on the education of Tom and slavery in the United States, hardly from the perspective of literary ethical criticism to analyze the phenomenon of betrayal in the novel. This paper discusses Tom's betrayal of his birth mother, uncle and childhood playmate, and analyzes the factors leading to this phenomenon. Generally speaking, these factors can be divided into external factors and internal factors. The change of ethical identity of Tom from white to black and white, the doting of his family, the hurt to his self-esteem and racial discrimination are the catalysts for Tom's betrayal of relatives and friends. In addition, Tom's personality shortcomings such as irrationality, cowardice and irresponsibility all led to his betrayal of relatives and friends. The dominant irrational factors led Tom to make every decision against ethical norms. At the same time, Tom was a coward, ungrateful to those who had helped him. Only by removing the above-mentioned internal and external factors can Tom avoid the ethical dilemma of betraying relatives and friends. Although Mark Twain satirizes slavery and apartheid in his novels, it does not mean that external factors alone determine individual behavior. In fact, the formation of personal words and deeds is the result of external factors and internal qualities. Therefore, Tom's disobeying the accepted ethical order in this novel is the result of his bad social environment and his own inferior quality.
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2347216
[Abstract]:Mark Twain is a representative writer of American critical realism in the late 19th century. In the novel Fool Wilson, Mark Twain describes Roxanne's infanticide and a series of tragedies. Throughout the previous studies, most of the studies focused on the education of Tom and slavery in the United States, hardly from the perspective of literary ethical criticism to analyze the phenomenon of betrayal in the novel. This paper discusses Tom's betrayal of his birth mother, uncle and childhood playmate, and analyzes the factors leading to this phenomenon. Generally speaking, these factors can be divided into external factors and internal factors. The change of ethical identity of Tom from white to black and white, the doting of his family, the hurt to his self-esteem and racial discrimination are the catalysts for Tom's betrayal of relatives and friends. In addition, Tom's personality shortcomings such as irrationality, cowardice and irresponsibility all led to his betrayal of relatives and friends. The dominant irrational factors led Tom to make every decision against ethical norms. At the same time, Tom was a coward, ungrateful to those who had helped him. Only by removing the above-mentioned internal and external factors can Tom avoid the ethical dilemma of betraying relatives and friends. Although Mark Twain satirizes slavery and apartheid in his novels, it does not mean that external factors alone determine individual behavior. In fact, the formation of personal words and deeds is the result of external factors and internal qualities. Therefore, Tom's disobeying the accepted ethical order in this novel is the result of his bad social environment and his own inferior quality.
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I712.074
【相似文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 郭晶晶;张黎;;谁是真正的“傻瓜”——《傻瓜威尔逊》之内涵新探[J];英语广场(学术研究);2013年12期
2 徐翠云;;《傻瓜威尔逊》中的身份认同问题[J];青年文学家;2013年19期
3 李红,田海虹;反抗异化 追寻理性——《傻瓜威尔逊》主题新探[J];解放军外国语学院学报;2005年01期
4 吴兰香;;“教养决定一切”——《傻瓜威尔逊》中的种族观研究[J];外国文学评论;2009年03期
5 程婷婷;;浅析《傻瓜威尔逊》中的女奴罗克西和傻瓜威尔逊[J];名作欣赏;2013年21期
6 马池霞;;悲剧与自由选择——由《傻瓜威尔逊》中假汤姆的形象引发的关于人的本性的思考[J];当代小说(下);2010年07期
7 郭小聪;马克·吐温《傻瓜威尔逊》评析[J];国际关系学院学报;2001年03期
8 高健;;多重透视下的身份危机——试论马克·吐温小说《傻瓜威尔逊》中的奴隶罗克西娜的社会隐喻[J];东岳论丛;2010年03期
9 ;名人幽默艺术[J];广西市场与价格;2001年02期
10 ;思想碎屑[J];科学大观园;2004年09期
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 张黎;马克·吐温在《傻瓜威尔逊》与《王子与贫儿》中的伦理思想[D];华中科技大学;2014年
2 倪亚群;从文学伦理学批评的视角看《傻瓜威尔逊》中汤姆的背叛[D];温州大学;2016年
3 苏彦;《傻瓜威尔逊》中言语反讽的关联理论研究[D];华北电力大学;2011年
，本文编号：2347216
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/xiandaiwenxuelunwen/2347216.html
