哀悼与忧郁症——论《理智与情感》中的心理与权力

发布时间：2018-12-13 11:33

【摘要】：《理智与情感》是简·奥斯丁发表的第一部作品。小说中性格迥异的姐妹俩在"失去所爱"时,理性的姐姐埃莉诺表现出一种"哀悼",而善感的妹妹玛丽安则进入一种"忧郁症"状态。弗洛伊德的《哀悼与忧郁症》区分正常的"哀悼"和病理性"忧郁症",而实质上无论是"哀悼"还是"忧郁症",其背后隐含的是个体与权力在心理层面的博弈。本文梳理"忧郁症"这一心理名词在文化理论史上从弗洛伊德到巴特勒的衍变,强调精神层面主体的分裂是主体服从的基础,而"忧郁症"造成主体反对自身的转向,是权力迫使主体"服从"的必经之路。研究表明,埃莉诺的"哀悼"事实上是其在权力与个体之间成功斡旋的结果,屈从中不乏女性主义的能动性;而玛丽安的"忧郁症"则展现权力在心理层面的管制和外部规训的共同作用下迫使女性个体走向服从,而姐妹二人不同的心理症状无疑揭示奥斯丁小说的心理、性别与权力结构的关联。
[Abstract]:Reason and emotion is Jane Austen's first work. When the two sisters with different characters lose their loved ones, the rational sister Eleanor expresses a kind of "mourning", while the sentimental sister Marianne enters a state of "depression". Freud's "mourning and melancholia" distinguishes between normal "mourning" and pathological "depression", but in essence, whether "mourning" or "depression", there is a psychological game between individual and power. This paper combs the evolution of the psychological term "depression" from Freud to Butler in the history of cultural theory, and emphasizes that the division of the subject at the spiritual level is the basis of the subject's subordination, while "depression" causes the subject to oppose the turn of his own. It is the only way that power forces the subject to obey. The research shows that Eleanor's "mourning" is actually the result of his successful mediation between power and individual, and there is no lack of feminist initiative in succumbing to it. While Marian's "Depression" shows that power forces women to follow the trend under the combined action of psychological control and external discipline, the different psychological symptoms of the two sisters undoubtedly reveal the psychology of Austen's novels. The relationship between gender and power structure.
【作者单位】：北京科技大学;
【基金】：教育部人文社科研究项目“19世纪英国文学文化思想史研究”(12YJCZH041)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：I561.074

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