诗人天职与生态伦理——海德格尔《诗人何为》重读

发布时间：2019-04-09 18:18

【摘要】：海德格尔的"诗人何为"虽然经常被人提起和套用,但这一追问本身的意义仍需进一步探讨。"诗人何为"关注的核心问题是在技术时代的暗夜诗人与自然的关系。这里的"自然"也是存在,是存在者整体,它可以显现为物,并以语言作为存在的区域。在海德格尔看来,人随制造意愿而行的冒险,使人站立在世界的对立面,把物,把自然,把存在者整体,以至把人,都视作对象加以算计和制造,以致物面临着消逝,存在者整体缩小,天地万物共同的原始自然基础被破坏,不仅物而且人神的存在都趋于一种"不在家"状态。这时诗人的天职正在于反思人的制造意图,参与物的拯救,创建存在的"球体",回归心灵内在空间,通过在语言中的冒险,实现人与天地万物在存在家园中亦即在"完满的自然"中的安居。由于"生态"与"伦理"的原义都是"家""栖居地",它关心人在大地上的诗意栖居问题,诗人的天职也可以说是基于存在之天命,思入澄明之处所,承担原初的生态伦理之要求。
[Abstract]:Although Heidegger's "what is a poet" is often mentioned and applied, the significance of this inquiry needs to be further explored. The core issue of "what is a poet" is the relationship between the poet and nature in the technological age. Nature here also exists, is the whole being, it can appear as things, and language as the region of existence. In Heidegger's view, man's adventures that follow the will of making make men stand on the opposite side of the world, taking things, nature, beings as a whole, and human beings as objects to be calculated and made, so that things are facing extinction. The whole being shrinks, the primitive natural foundation of all things in heaven and earth is destroyed, not only the existence of things but also the existence of man and god tends to be "away from home". The poet's natural duty is to reflect on man's intention to make things, to save things, to create a "sphere" of existence, to return to the inner space of the mind, and to take risks in language. The realization of human and heaven and earth all things in the existence of the homeland, that is, in the "perfect nature" in the settlement. Since the original meaning of "ecology" and "ethics" is "home" and "dwelling place", it is concerned about the poetic habitation of human beings on the earth, and the poet's duty can also be said to be based on the destiny of existence and to think clearly. Undertake the original ecological ethics requirements.
【作者单位】：南京大学艺术研究院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“生态语言学与生态文学、文化理论研究”[项目编号:1213ZW007]的阶段性成果
【分类号】：I516.072

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