儿童文学中的童年禁忌研究
发布时间：2019-06-09 20:56
【摘要】：童年禁忌是一种典型的童年文化现象,它指的是在特定的时代和社会文化中存在的,不允许向儿童/童年泄露专属于成人/成年的秘密(如性、暴力、死亡以及一些残酷的社会现实)之禁令。本文分为绪论、正文和结语三个部分,其中正文共有三章。第一章是对童年禁忌的概述。笔者首先对现有研究中的三种童年禁忌概念做出了辨析,其次列举了若干童年禁忌的现实表征。在分析了这些现实中发生的事件后,笔者提出这里面隐含着两个关于儿童的假设:其一为儿童是纯真的;其二为儿童是脆弱的。前一条假设主要受神学、哲学和文学艺术等领域的相关话语影响,后一条假设主要受发展心理学的相关话语影响。假设作为一种意识形态,虽然在特定的历史阶段有助于儿童生存状况和童年生态的改善,但长期地固守上述假设则会造成严重的问题。另外,由于童年禁忌所指涉的是一些秘密,这些秘密本质上即信息,信息要靠媒介来传播,因此本文还追溯了媒介形态变迁对童年禁忌所产生的影响。在第二章中,笔者考察了童年禁忌对儿童文学的影响。童年禁忌作为成人型塑儿童的一种努力,势必也将存在儿童的精神食粮——儿童文学中。其具体的表现是儿童文学极端地排斥有关个体本能一面(如性、暴力)的话语,也极力地拒绝对世界的残酷一面(如复杂的人性、苦难与死亡)进行表达。在第三节中,笔者对其整体的运作逻辑进行了描述,指出童年禁忌的存在表明成人使用了一种类似于殖民者看待被殖民者、男人看待女人的方式,将儿童置于成人的“他者”的这一位置上。第三章是对可能的进路与前景的阐述。笔者认为成人视儿童为“他者”,实则是现代性二元对立的思维方式之后果。因此,借鉴马丁·布伯的对话哲学和生长于现代性局限之处的后现代主义的观点,提出两条建议:一是成人应向儿童这一“他者”开放,改成人与儿童二元对立的关系为对话的关系;二是要成人转换成一种积极的视角去看待儿童,给予儿童信任。这两条建议最终是为了让成人与真实的儿童相遇,让儿童与真实的世界相遇。我们期待儿童文学作家和儿童教育工作者能够穿过肤浅的表层,走入童年的深处。
[Abstract]:Childhood taboo is a typical phenomenon of childhood culture, which refers to the existence in a specific era and sociocultural, and does not allow the disclosure to children / childhood of secrets that belong exclusively to adults / adults (such as sex, violence, Death and some cruel social reality) the ban. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion, of which there are three chapters. The first chapter is an overview of childhood taboos. First of all, the author analyzes the concepts of three kinds of childhood taboos in the existing research, and then enumerates the realistic representation of some childhood taboos. After analyzing these events in reality, the author puts forward two hypotheses about children implied in them: one is that children are pure; the other is that children are vulnerable. The former hypothesis is mainly influenced by theology, philosophy, literature and art, while the latter hypothesis is mainly influenced by the discourse of developmental psychology. Hypothesis as an ideology, although it contributes to the improvement of children's living conditions and childhood ecology at a specific historical stage, sticking to the above assumptions for a long time will cause serious problems. In addition, because childhood taboos refer to some secrets, which are essentially information, information has to be transmitted by the media, so this paper also traces the influence of the change of media form on childhood taboos. In the second chapter, the author examines the influence of childhood taboos on children's literature. As an effort to shape children, childhood taboos are bound to exist in children's spiritual food-children's literature. Its concrete manifestation is that children's literature extremely repels the words about the instinctive side of the individual (such as sex, violence), and also strongly refuses to express the cruel side of the world (such as complex human nature, suffering and death). In the third section, the author describes its overall operational logic, and points out that the existence of childhood taboos shows that adults use a way similar to that of colonists and men looking at women. Place children in the position of the "other" of adults. The third chapter is the possible approach and prospects. The author believes that adults regard children as the "other", but in fact, it is the result of the binary opposition of modern thinking. Therefore, drawing lessons from Martin Buber's philosophy of dialogue and postmodernism, which grew up in the limitations of modernization, this paper puts forward two suggestions: first, adults should be open to the "other" of children. Change the binary opposition relationship between adults and children into the relationship of dialogue; The second is to turn adults into a positive perspective to look at children and give them trust. These two suggestions are ultimately aimed at meeting adults with real children and children with the real world. We expect children's literature writers and children's educators to walk through the superficial surface and into the depths of their childhood.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I106.8
本文编号：2495895
[Abstract]:Childhood taboo is a typical phenomenon of childhood culture, which refers to the existence in a specific era and sociocultural, and does not allow the disclosure to children / childhood of secrets that belong exclusively to adults / adults (such as sex, violence, Death and some cruel social reality) the ban. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion, of which there are three chapters. The first chapter is an overview of childhood taboos. First of all, the author analyzes the concepts of three kinds of childhood taboos in the existing research, and then enumerates the realistic representation of some childhood taboos. After analyzing these events in reality, the author puts forward two hypotheses about children implied in them: one is that children are pure; the other is that children are vulnerable. The former hypothesis is mainly influenced by theology, philosophy, literature and art, while the latter hypothesis is mainly influenced by the discourse of developmental psychology. Hypothesis as an ideology, although it contributes to the improvement of children's living conditions and childhood ecology at a specific historical stage, sticking to the above assumptions for a long time will cause serious problems. In addition, because childhood taboos refer to some secrets, which are essentially information, information has to be transmitted by the media, so this paper also traces the influence of the change of media form on childhood taboos. In the second chapter, the author examines the influence of childhood taboos on children's literature. As an effort to shape children, childhood taboos are bound to exist in children's spiritual food-children's literature. Its concrete manifestation is that children's literature extremely repels the words about the instinctive side of the individual (such as sex, violence), and also strongly refuses to express the cruel side of the world (such as complex human nature, suffering and death). In the third section, the author describes its overall operational logic, and points out that the existence of childhood taboos shows that adults use a way similar to that of colonists and men looking at women. Place children in the position of the "other" of adults. The third chapter is the possible approach and prospects. The author believes that adults regard children as the "other", but in fact, it is the result of the binary opposition of modern thinking. Therefore, drawing lessons from Martin Buber's philosophy of dialogue and postmodernism, which grew up in the limitations of modernization, this paper puts forward two suggestions: first, adults should be open to the "other" of children. Change the binary opposition relationship between adults and children into the relationship of dialogue; The second is to turn adults into a positive perspective to look at children and give them trust. These two suggestions are ultimately aimed at meeting adults with real children and children with the real world. We expect children's literature writers and children's educators to walk through the superficial surface and into the depths of their childhood.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I106.8
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