场域理论视野下中国数据新闻专业失范的原因初探

发布时间：2018-03-04 01:01

本文选题：数据新闻　切入点：专业失范　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着数据新闻的兴起与全球扩散,中国的数据新闻实践如火如荼。而在数据新闻成为国内各类媒体"标配"的同时,其专业失范现象频发,发展遭遇瓶颈。本文在厘清数据新闻的内涵边界与价值属性,阐明其文化基因与变革意义,梳理其规范研究相关成果的基础上,确立数据新闻的媒体生产作为研究对象,以期由此探明造成国内数据新闻专业失范的原因所在。依据场域理论的研究框架,本文围绕基本认知、角色定位、管理机制、组织架构、生产流程与文化氛围等六大议题,对来自门户网站、传统媒体、互联网公司与独立新闻机构的九名数据新闻从业者展开深度访谈,以求以此为依托,阐释国内数据新闻实践的内在机制与逻辑。在数据新闻媒体生产的场域属性维度,研究发现,数据新闻子场域由于受制于新闻立法进展缓慢、数据开放程度不足的政治场,市场化改革步履维艰、数据可获取性尚待加强的经济场,开放程度亟待提升的文化场,以及新闻职业化水平低下的媒介场,而成为结构化空间。其中,数据新闻生产机构的管理与运行在博取注意力的趋利追求下,透显出弹性工作制遮蔽下亟待提升的薪资水平,技术人才的普遍缺失,自上而下的控制机制,与用户思维的普遍缺位等诸多不足。在数据新闻生产惯习的动态生成机制维度,本文认为,组织间的合作与分享机制是数据新闻实践理性策略的主要实施路径,其在数据新闻子场域向政治场、经济场、文化场争夺数据资源的过程中扮演着重要角色;而政治场、经济场与媒介场对数据新闻子场域的控制,功利目标下,基于资本、占位异质性的"改良式"实践与商业化的管理逻辑,以及认知混沌与角色游离导致的从业者个体理性策略的缺失共同构成非理性策略的动态生成机制。综上所述,在作为结构化空间的数据新闻子场域中,数据新闻天然的调查性报道基因与贫瘠的深度报道土壤的矛盾,与媒体机构严重的人才流失与数据新闻对跨专业人才内在需求的矛盾;商业属性明显的管理与运行逻辑;以及数据新闻从业者对数据新闻相关概念的认知混沌与自身职业的角色游离共同构成中国数据新闻专业失范的深层动因。
[Abstract]:With the rise and global diffusion of data news, the practice of data news in China is in full swing. While data news has become the "standard distribution" of all kinds of media in China, the phenomenon of professional anomie occurs frequently. On the basis of clarifying the connotation boundary and value attribute of data news, expounding its cultural gene and significance of change, combing the related achievements of its normative research, this paper establishes the media production of data news as the object of study. According to the research framework of field theory, this paper focuses on six topics, such as basic cognition, role orientation, management mechanism, organizational structure, production process and cultural atmosphere. To conduct in-depth interviews with nine data news practitioners from portals, traditional media, Internet companies and independent news organizations in order to rely on this. This paper explains the internal mechanism and logic of domestic data news practice. In the field attribute dimension of data news media production, it is found that the data news sub-field is restricted by the slow progress of news legislation and the lack of open degree of data. The market reform is difficult, the economic field that the data availability needs to be strengthened, the cultural field that the opening degree needs to be improved urgently, and the media field of the low level of journalism professionalism, and become the structured space. The management and operation of the data news production organization, under the pursuit of seeking attention, reveals the salary level that needs to be promoted under the cover of flexible work system, the general lack of technical talents, and the top-down control mechanism. In the dimension of dynamic generation mechanism of data news production habit, this paper holds that the mechanism of cooperation and sharing among organizations is the main implementation path of practical rational strategy of data news. It plays an important role in the process of competing for data resources from data news subfield to political field, economic field and cultural field, while political field, economic field and media field control data news subfield, based on capital. The "improved" practice and the management logic of commercialization, as well as the lack of individual rational strategies caused by cognitive chaos and role separation, constitute the dynamic generation mechanism of irrational strategies. In the subfield of data news as a structured space, the contradiction between the natural investigative reporting gene and the poor in-depth reporting soil, the serious brain drain of media organizations and the inherent demand of data news for cross-professional talents; The obvious management and operation logic of commercial attributes and the cognitive chaos of data news practitioners on the related concepts of data journalism and the dissociation of their own professional roles constitute the deep causes of the anomie of data journalism in China.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G210.7

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