《环球时报》美国大选特朗普报道研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 17:55

本文选题：《环球时报》 + 特朗普报道　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2016年美国大选成为媒体关注的焦点,而特朗普在大选中发表偏激言论和独特的个性更是引起了媒体的关注。政治素人出身的特朗普在竞选美国总统时意外的获得了较高的支持率。自此以后,特朗普就成为全世界媒体关注的焦点。《环球时报》对美国大选和特朗普进行了大篇幅的报道。《环球时报》作为主打国际新闻报道的央媒,同时市场化运营程度较高,可以说是研究美国大选和特朗普报道很好的平台。本研究以美国大选期间《环球时报》对特朗普的报道为文本,运用量化分析和质化分析相结合的方法对相关类目进行分析。研究发现,在特朗普报道数量上,《环球时报》对特朗普的报道量远大于希拉里等其他总统参选人,特朗普是媒体关注的焦点;报道体裁上,形式多样,其中评论和深度报道占比相对较多;报道议题上,《环球时报》的报道议题与特朗普的政策议题之间有明显的对应性,但也有选择性的侧重;新闻图片上,《环球时报》对特朗普和希拉里的视觉形象的选择一定程度上体现了媒体对这两位候选人的态度和看法,有很强的隐喻性;在社评方面,《环球时报》以批判性为总的基调,主要是结合候选人言论和政治现象进行制度层面的批评;信息来源上,《环球时报》大选中特朗普报道的新闻内容采用多方引证的方式,选取包括西方媒体在内的信息源,使得新闻报道体现出更多的客观性。在对《环球时报》关于特朗普报道文本分析的基础上,本研究对特朗普媒介形象以及背后的原因进行了探究。发现在预选、特朗普成为总统候选人和赢得美国大选这三个阶段中,特朗普形象是一个动态变化的过程。预选阶段,特朗普是“大嘴”和“政治狂人”,是中美关系的不友好者以及主流价值观的挑战者。在成为总统候选人后,特朗普是遭受质疑和讽刺的总统候选人,是和主流媒体叫板的民粹代言人。在赢得美国大选后,特朗普转变为一个“另类”总统,习特会前后,特朗普形象转变为中美关系的友好者和维护者。可以看出,在美国大选的不同的阶段,特朗普的媒介形象呈现各有不同。原因在于《环球时报》对特朗普报道的总基调追随美媒议程,再加上特朗普的惊人言论又有较大的新闻价值,所以特朗普形象一直较为负面。特朗普的成为总统候选人后,《环球时报》将特朗普抽象为“特朗普现象”,进行了多篇幅和多角度的深度报道,“民粹”形象由此建构出来。党媒关于特朗普的报道讲求舆论引导,符合政治传播的要求,特朗普胜选后,由于中美关系的基本面不变,《环球时报》通过相关正面报道完成特朗普形象的转型。《环球时报》在美国大选中特朗普的报道基本是在正确的舆论导向的前提下,新闻内容在不同的版面有不同的细分,深度报道采用系列式和跟进式的手法,给读者提供了多元的视角来观察特朗普及美国大选。同时,作为市场化较为成功的党媒,《环球时报》比较注重新闻报道的趣味性,特朗普报道基本做到了严肃性和趣味性兼顾。《环球时报》在特朗普报道中的倾向性问题是明显的,新闻内容一般多方引用外媒信源来显示客观,但通过情绪性和否定性的词语使得其倾向性很明显。政治人物形象在传统媒体平台和新媒体平台的差异也反映了传统媒介的很多问题。媒介技术迭代式发展,传统媒体在新的媒介环境下对于重大的国际新闻事件的报道优势在不断丧失,不同平台的话语方式不一样,特朗普形象在传统媒体平台和新媒介平台存在着割裂的状态。传统媒介平台的官方话语要与民间话语进行沟通,这样两个平台的形象割裂才能进一步得到弥合。自媒体平台给优质内容的提供了更多的渠道,所以在自媒体平台,不仅有更优质的深度内容,而且角度也更加多元化。这样以来,传统媒介平台的深度报道的优势正逐渐丧失,值得我们认真反思。
[Abstract]:In 2016, the American election became the focus of media attention, and Trump's extreme comments and unique personalities in the general election have attracted the attention of the media. Trump, a political man from the United States, received a higher rate of support when he ran for the president of the United States. Since then, Trump has become the focus of the world's media attention. < universal. The times > the U. S. election and Trump. The global times, as the central medium for international news reports, has a high level of market operation, which can be said to be a good platform for the study of the United States general election and the Trump report. It is found that, in the number of reports of Trump, the coverage of Trump is far greater than Hilary and other presidential candidates, and Trump is the focus of media attention. In the genre, there are various forms of coverage in which comments and depth reports are compared. On the topic of the report, there is a clear correspondence between the issue of the global times and the policy issues of Trump, but it also has a selective focus. On the news picture, the choice of the visual image of Trump and Hilary in the Global Times reflects the media's attitude and view of the two candidates to a certain extent, with a strong metaphor. In terms of social review, the global times is critical as the general keynote, mainly on the system level of the candidate's speech and political phenomena; in the information source, the news content reported by Trump in the global times general election adopts a multi Citation Method and selects information sources including the western media to make the news reports embody More objectivity is made. On the basis of the analysis of Trump's text on the global times, this study explores the image of Trump and the reasons behind it. It is found that in the three stages of the preelection, Trump is the presidential candidate and the election of the United States, the image of Trump is a dynamic process. Trump is a "big mouth" and a "political maniac", a challenger to the unfriendly relations between China and the United States and the mainstream values. After becoming presidential candidate, Trump is a candidate for challenge and irony and a popular spokesman with the mainstream media. After winning the U. S. election, Trump turned into a "alternative". Before and after the presidency, the image of Trump turned into a friendly and defender of Sino US relations. It can be seen that in the different stages of the United States general election, Trump's media image is different. The reason is that the global times follows the general tone of Trump's report, followed by the United States media, and the astonishing remarks of Trump are larger. As a result of the news value, the image of Trump has been relatively negative. After Trump's becoming presidential candidate, the Global Times has abstracted Trump into the "Trump phenomenon", and has carried out a deep and multi angle in-depth report. The image of "the populist" has been constructed. The report of the party media about Trump is to guide the public opinion and be in line with the political communication. After Trump won the election, the Global Times has completed the transformation of Trump's image through the relevant positive reports. < Global Times > in the general election of the United States, Trump's report is basically under the premise of correct guidance of public opinion, the news content has different subdivisions in different pages, and the depth reports are adopted. Series and follow-up techniques provide readers with a multidimensional perspective to observe the popularity of the general election in the United States. At the same time, as a more successful market oriented party media, the Global Times has more interest in news reports. Trump reports are basically serious and interesting. The tendency of the global times in Trump reports. The problem is obvious. The news content generally refers to the external media sources to display the objective, but the tendency is obvious by the emotional and negative words. The difference of the political figure's image in the traditional media platform and the new media platform also reflects many problems of the traditional media. The media technology is developed iteratively and the traditional media is new Under the media environment, the advantages of the major international news events are losing, and the different platforms are dissimilar. The image of Trump is fragmented in the traditional media platform and the new media platform. The official discourse of the traditional media platform should communicate with the folk discourse, so the image of the two platforms can be separated. Since the media platform has provided more channels for quality content, there is not only a better depth of content, but also a more diversified perspective on the self media platform. In this way, the advantages of the deep coverage of the traditional media platform are gradually losing, and we are seriously reflecting on it.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G212

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