新华炫闻“数据新闻”与卫报“数据博客”数据新闻比较

发布时间：2018-08-09 16:34

【摘要】：在不同的传播媒介下数据新闻具有不同的传播形态和特点,目前“数据新闻”在传统媒体和网络平台中的实践逐渐步入常态化,但是在信息接收主要来源之一的“移动客户端”中的实践却处于起步阶段。伴随着大众“碎片化”阅读习惯的改变和“大数据”技术的进一步发展,各国媒体纷纷在移动客户端开展“数据新闻”实践。目前移动客户数据新闻实践以英国的BBC、《卫报》和美国的《纽约时报》表现尤为突出;虽然我国数据新闻实践的起步时间稍落后于外国媒体,但近年来发展势头非常迅猛,如《财新网》、《新华炫闻》和网易等都制作出优秀的数据新闻作品。选择《卫报》和《新华炫闻》2016年移动端中的数据新闻作品作为研究范本,是因为两家媒体不仅都是极具影响力的本地媒体而且二者的数据新闻理念非常相似,都设立了相应的数据新闻栏目,“数据博客”和“数据新闻”。对两家媒体的数据新闻作品从数据来源、报道内容和报道方式以及可视化形态三个方面进行细致深入的对比,旨在探析目前移动端数据新闻的主要呈现形态并对我国数据新闻实践提出应对策略。在对比当中发现目前移动端数据新闻具有两个突出特点:其一是“直接式交互”,受众通过指尖的触碰即可浏览作品并实现动态交互,这种触碰式的方式增加了大众阅读的趣味性和对文章代入感;其二是“轻量可视化”设计,与网络平台的动态化可视化设计相比,移动终端的数据新闻作品可视化形式更加简洁,大方,直观明确。目前移动端数据新闻实践受制于移动载体承载量的缺陷,无法传播巨大的信息体量,只能依靠相对简单的可视化设计传达信息,因此随着技术难题的攻破,移动终端的数据新闻作品会越来越出色。因此,移动端的数据新闻作品不但要契合“移动”的传播特性,为受众传播简洁高效的信息,还要从受众的角度出发,设计易于接受的数据新闻作品。为了提升数据来源的质量和拓宽数据来源的渠道,我国媒体在移动端的数据新闻实践也可借鉴《卫报》的经验,一方面尝试众包新闻,加强与专业机构的合作;另一方面,关注数据新闻记者的专业素质问题,拓展记者的数据分析思路和提高记者可视化设计能力。
[Abstract]:Under different media, data news has different communication forms and characteristics. At present, the practice of "data news" in traditional media and network platform is becoming more and more normal. However, the practice of mobile client, one of the main sources of information reception, is still in its infancy. With the change of mass "fragmentation" reading habits and the further development of "big data" technology, the media of all countries have launched the practice of "data news" in mobile clients. At present, the mobile customer data news practice is particularly outstanding in BBC, the Guardian and the New York Times of the United States. Although China's data news practice lags behind that of foreign media, it has developed very rapidly in recent years. Such as Caixin net, Xinhua Xuan Wen and NetEase all produce excellent data news works. The Guardian and Xinhua News 2016 data stories were chosen as a model for research because both media are not only very influential local media, but also have very similar data journalism ideas. Have set up corresponding data news column, data blog and data news. Comparing the data news works of the two media from three aspects: data source, report content, reporting method and visual form. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main appearance of mobile data news and to put forward some countermeasures to our country's data news practice. In the comparison, we find that there are two outstanding features of the current mobile data news: one is "direct interaction", the audience can browse works and realize dynamic interaction through the touch of fingertips. This touch-and-touch approach increases the interest of popular reading and the sense of article substitution; the second is the "lightweight visualization" design, which compares with the dynamic visual design of the network platform. The visual form of data news works of mobile terminal is more succinct, generous, intuitionistic. At present, the data news practice of mobile terminal is restricted by the limitation of carrying capacity of mobile carrier, so it can not spread a huge amount of information, and can only rely on relatively simple visual design to convey information, so with the breakthrough of technical problems, Mobile terminal data news works will be more and more outstanding. Therefore, the data news works on the mobile side should not only accord with the characteristics of "mobile" dissemination, but also design the easily accepted data news works from the perspective of the audience. In order to improve the quality of data sources and broaden the channels of data sources, the data news practice of Chinese media on the mobile side can also draw lessons from the experience of the Guardian. On the one hand, we can try to crowdsource news and strengthen cooperation with professional organizations; on the other hand, Focus on the professional quality of data journalists, expand their data analysis ideas and improve their visual design ability.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G210.7

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