麦尔维尔笔下船长形象人格特质的心理学分析

发布时间：2018-01-02 09:32

本文关键词：麦尔维尔笔下船长形象人格特质的心理学分析　出处：《信阳师范学院》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：赫尔曼·麦尔维尔(Herman Melville)是美国有史以来最为世人及文学评论界关注的作家之一,他以其独特的写作风格及海洋题材小说而备受争议。赫尔曼·麦尔维尔以自身丰富的四大洋的海上经历为基础,以其独特而深邃的视角和不为当时世人所能理解的超时代预见性,创作出一个个动人心弦的海上故事。他的作品以海上生活和水手经历为描写对象,对这一缩小化了的社会生活和社会团体进行深层次探究和挖掘,从而展现当时的美国社会思潮及人性特征。相当多的专著都大篇幅地分析了麦尔维尔的捕鲸生涯,并对麦尔维尔的生平做了详尽的研究。与介绍麦尔维尔生平事迹的专著不同,文学批评界中有些专著将主要篇幅用于对麦尔维尔代表作《白鲸》的解读上,对于麦尔维尔笔下人物形象的解读主要集中在以亚哈船长为代表的主要人物形象上。与对于亚哈的研究相比,批评界较少关注其他船长形象的解读和研究。目前,麦尔维尔研究涉及史学、宗教学、海洋学、社会学、人类学、心理学等学科,具体涉及到了伦理、宗教、同性恋题材、对其后期作品的重新认识、悲剧意识、存在主义、后期作品的悲剧特征、人类学研究、影响研究、语言研究等领域。大量研究表明,麦尔维尔的作品大多具有深邃的寓意和内涵,而此类研究一般不为他同时代的普通读者所理解和接受,对他的解读也就相对集中于一些普通读者容易理解和感兴趣的话题,如海上探险、异域见闻等。在众多的研究领域中,针对麦尔维尔个人及其作品的心理学领域的研讨也较为少见,利用心理学相关知识对其笔下船长这一群体形象的研究更是稀少。本文试图从心理障碍和心理应激这一理论角度出发,以麦氏作品中船长这一特定类型人物的人性分析为落脚点,将二者进行结合。以心理障碍和心理应激为理论支撑,该文将麦氏作品中众多船长形象从原著中抽取出来,依据相关心理学知识,将其分为患有心理障碍的船长和遭受心理应激困扰的船长两大类属。船长形象因其自身所遭受的心理障碍和心理应激而导致的各自不同的人格特质为本文的研究提供了文字资料和论据来源。在心理障碍方面,该文将患有心理障碍的船长形象细化为单一型心理障碍患者和多维型心理障碍患者,借助船长形象的不同人格特质来论证其为心理障碍患者的事实。如在对亚哈船长的分析上,本文将所能收集到的有关亚哈的人格特质汇集在一起,并对其逐一罗列分析,作为证明其是边缘型人格障碍的患者的佐证。在心理应激方面,所涉及到的船长形象同样被细化为积极性心理应激遭受者和消极性心理应激遭受者两个子类属和斯德哥尔摩综合征遭受者这一特殊类属而展开论证。通过对大量麦氏笔下船长形象的整合和论证,本文最终得出：大多数麦尔维尔作品中的船长形象都是心理障碍患者,一部分不是心理障碍的患者但却是心理应激的遭受者的结论。借助心理障碍和心理应激相关知识,本文期待向读者和研究人员提供一个有关麦尔维尔及其作品人物形象分析的新的研究角度。
[Abstract]:Hermann Melveil (Herman Melville) is one of the world's attention and literary critics in the history of the American writer, with his unique writing style and marine novels and controversial. Herman Melville with its rich four ocean marine experience as the foundation, with its unique and profound perspective and not for the world can understand the era of foresight, to create a story. His works strike a deep chord of the sea to sea life and experience as a seaman on the description of the object, narrowing of the social life and social groups to deeply explore and mining, so as to show the characteristics of humanity and social thought at the time.
A considerable number of monographs are widely analyzed and the Melville's whaling career, Melville's life to do a detailed study. Different from the introduction of Melville biography books, literary criticism in some monographs will be the main space for reading < > on behalf of the Moby Dick Melville, for the interpretation of characters of Melville focus on the main characters of Captain Ahab as the representative of the image. Compared with the study of Ahab, interpretation and research of the critics pay less attention to the other master image. At present, Melville studies involving history, religion, oceanography, sociology, anthropology, psychology and other disciplines, in particular to the ethical, religious, gay that new understanding of the late works, the tragedy consciousness, existentialism, tragic features, the late works of anthropology research, influence research, the field of language research. The amount of research shows that Melville's works are mostly has the profound meaning and connotation, and such research is not generally understood and accepted by the readers of his time, his interpretation is relatively concentrated in some ordinary readers easy to understand and topics of interest, such as on adventure, exotic horizons in many research fields. In the research on the field of psychology and personal works of Melville is relatively rare, based on psychology and relevant knowledge of the pen of the group image of the captain is rare. This paper attempts to start from the perspective of mental disorders and mental stress in this theory, the Maxwell in the works of Captain analysis this particular type of characters of humanity as the result, the combination of the two. The mental disorders and mental stress as the theoretical support, this paper will captain McLeod works many image extracted from the text, according to the relevant The knowledge of psychology, which is divided into people with mental disorders suffer from psychological stress and the two category captain. The captain of their own image due to mental disorder suffered and psychological stress caused by different personality traits as the research of this paper provides theory and text data according to sources. In psychological disorders, captain this paper will refine the image with mental disorders for patients with a single type of mental disorders and multidimensional psychological barriers, different personality traits with the image of the captain to prove their mental disorders in fact. As in the analysis of Captain Ahab, and the relevant personality traits can be collected together and, on the list one by one analysis, as it is proven evidence of borderline personality disorder patients. The psychological stress, which relates to the image of the captain was also divided into positive psychological stress Shock and negative psychological stress suffered from two sub categories and Stockholm syndrome suffer this special category and discussion. Based on a large number of Maxwell's captain of the image's integration and demonstration, the paper concluded that: the captain shaped like most of Melville's are not a part of patients with psychological disorders, patients with psychological disorders but psychological stress by the conclusion. With the help of mental disorders and mental stress related knowledge, this paper is expected to provide an analysis of relevant works of Melville and characters of the new perspective to readers and researchers.

【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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