伦理批评视域中的《历史人》研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 02:05

本文关键词：伦理批评视域中的《历史人》研究　出处：《鲁东大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：英国作家马尔科姆·布雷德伯里的代表性校园讽刺小说《历史人》（1975）自发表之日起便引起评论界的广泛关注，但目前对该作品的研究多局限于对其语言及叙事风格等的评论。本文以《历史人》为研究对象，运用文学伦理批评方法，从人与自我、人与他人、人与社会三种关系的视角，探讨《历史人》中所体现的伦理道德观，，进而通过对该小说的研究，形成对战后英国校园学者伦理道德意识的考量。本论文由五部分组成。引言部分首先对布雷德伯里的生平、主要作品和《历史人》进行了简要介绍，同时对国内外已有的相关研究进行综述；在梳理了聂珍钊教授等国内学者所倡导的文学伦理学批评及其当前发展状况的基础上，提出本研究的主要内容。论文的第一章对《历史人》在人与自我这一层面的伦理思想进行解读。本章对小说中的两个主要人物——霍华德·科克与芭芭拉·科克夫妇两人伦理道德观的发展变化分别进行了讨论。通过分析两人在沃特摩斯大学这个微型社会里崛起、斗争和沉沦的自我发现和自我改变的过程，探讨同一环境中两个不同人物的行为变化和各自所表现出的道德伦理观念。第二章对《历史人》在人与他人这一层面的伦理思想进行解读。通过分析霍华德·科克与妻子、学生、同事的关系，展现了二十世纪60年代英国社会中人与人之间冷淡、欺骗、利用和相互的倾轧的关系，进一步揭示了当时社会中人们极端自由的行为状态和只顾追求个人享乐，缺少关爱、信任和理解的道德状况。第三章对《历史人》在人与社会这一层面的伦理思想进行解读。通过分析在沃特摩斯这个校园社会中遵守传统的保守学生卡莫迪因不愿受制于以霍华德·科克教授为代表的激进派而受到迫害，揭示出当时英国社会中利己主义和实用主义对人们思想意识的集体腐蚀；其次，通过分析霍华德·科克的朋友兼同事亨利在现实社会的影响与压迫下，最终背弃了自己一直遵循的传统伦理道德，揭示出当时英国社会的伦理道德已经和传统伦理道德彻底断裂的状况。结论部分在总结全文研究内容的基础上指出，马尔科姆·布雷德伯里在《历史人》中揭示了在社会和历史的变革时期人们伦理道德思想的混乱、迷茫与矛盾，反映了作者对所处历史潮流中的伦理道德状况的思考与探索。本文的研究结果将有助于加深人们对于马尔科姆·布雷德伯里作品中伦理道德的理解，弥补现有的相关研究中的某些不足之处，因而具有较为重要的理论意义和实践价值。
[Abstract]:British writer Malcolm Bradbury's iconic campus satire, Historical Man, 1975) has been a subject of critical attention since its publication. But at present, the study of this work is limited to the comments on its language and narrative style. This paper takes Historical Man as the object of study, applies the method of literary ethics criticism, from the person and self, between man and others. From the perspective of the relationship between man and society, this paper probes into the ethics and morality embodied in Historical Man, and then, through the study of the novel, forms the consideration of the postwar British campus scholars' ethical and moral consciousness. This paper consists of five parts. The preface first introduces Bradbury's life, his main works and the Historical Man, and summarizes the related studies at home and abroad. On the basis of combing the literary ethics criticism advocated by Professor Nie Zhenzhao and other domestic scholars, this paper puts forward the main contents of this study. The first chapter interprets the ethical thoughts of the Historical Man at the level of man and self. This chapter analyzes the ethics of the two main characters in the novel-Howard Kirk and Barbara Kirk. Development and change were discussed separately. By analyzing the rise of the two men in the tiny society of Watermoose University. In the process of self-discovery and self-change of struggle and depravity, the behavior changes of two different characters in the same environment and their moral and ethical concepts are discussed. The second chapter is an interpretation of the ethics of the Historical Man at the level of people and others. By analyzing Howard Kirk's relationship with his wife, his students, his colleagues. In 1960s, the relationship of indifference, deception, exploitation and mutual strife between people in English society was demonstrated. It further reveals the extremely free behavior state and the moral state of the pursuit of personal enjoyment, lack of care, trust and understanding in the society at that time. The third chapter interprets the ethical ideas of the Historical Man at the level of man and society. By analyzing the conservative student Carmody who adheres to the tradition in the campus society of Watermoose, he is unwilling to be held hostage to Howard Kirk. The professor was persecuted for representing the radicals. It reveals the collective corrosion of egoism and pragmatism to people's ideology in British society at that time. Second, by analyzing Howard Kirk's friend and colleague Henry, under the influence and oppression of real society, he finally turned his back on the traditional ethics he had been following. It reveals that the ethics and morality of the British society were completely broken with the traditional ethics at that time. The conclusion part points out that Malcolm Bradbury, in Historical Man, reveals the confusion, confusion and contradiction of people's ethical and moral thoughts in the period of social and historical change. It reflects the author's thinking and exploration of the ethical situation in his historical trend. The results of this paper will help to deepen the understanding of ethics in Malcolm Bradbury's works. So it has important theoretical and practical value.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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