论笛福笔下的“创业英雄”形象

发布时间：2018-01-13 08:21

本文关键词：论笛福笔下的“创业英雄”形象　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》自问世以来就受到广泛关注,不仅读者喜爱,也被文学评论界争相研究讨论。这部人物传记小说是笛福最具代表性也是最获争议性的作品,而笛福其他的人物传记小说如《海盗船长》、《摩尔·弗兰德斯》以及《罗克珊娜》则相对来说受到的关注较小。这一系列人物传记小说的主人公都出身于中下层阶级,其共同特点是都希望凭借个人力量立足于社会,实现自己的“创业梦想”。他们是现实生活中的普通凡人,勇于冒险,并具有顽强乐观、勤奋过人的优良品质,但又有着财富至上的“创业准则”;注重个人利益,在“向善”与“作恶”的双重矛盾当中追求梦想的实现,他们是18世纪英国新兴资产阶级的典型代表,是属于资本主义经济转型期的“创业英雄”。这些“创业英雄”形象不仅带有笛福的个人色彩,也受到特定的社会环境和文学传统的影响。作为一个信仰清教的商人,笛福极力推崇发展商品经济,主张经济自由。且当时个人主义盛行,资本主义经济结构已经大大改变,加之自古希腊古罗马时期传承下来的海洋文化等社会因素也为个人实现“创业理想”提供了心理支持和发展空间。流浪汉小说的影响和读者群的改变则为现实主义小说的发展提供了肥沃的土壤。笛福塑造的“创业英雄”形象在文学方面颠覆了以往人们对英雄的定义和看法,不仅将普通凡人作为“英雄”原型进行再创造,还对中下层妇女的命运进行了重点描述;在审美感受上更能引起读者的共鸣,并带领读者正视人性的复杂性,重新审视自己的内心;同时也在一定程度上反映了英国资本主义社会转型期人们的思想和社会经济状况。重新分析笛福的作品尤其是人物传记小说不仅有助于对笛福进行系统全面的了解和研究,还能从文学的角度观照18世纪英国资本主义转型时期人们的精神状况和社会现实。加之当代科技迅猛发展,各国经济飞速增长,人们对物质生活的追求也越来越高。笛福笔下的“创业英雄”们积极的个性对人们追求自我发展、肯定自身力量有一定的正能量作用,而他们在追求个人利益的同时所体现出的忽视道德伦理和违背法律规范的行为也值得人们反思,对当代社会中一些物质欲望急速膨胀的现象有一定的警世作用。
[Abstract]:The Robinson Crusoe by Defoe has attracted wide attention since it was published, and not only the readers like it. This biographical novel is the most representative and controversial work of Defoe, while other biography novels of Defoe, such as the Pirate Captain. "Moore Flanders" and "Roxanne" have received relatively little attention. The protagonists in this series of biographical novels are of middle and lower class origin. Their common characteristic is that they hope to base themselves on the society and realize their own "entrepreneurial dream" by virtue of their personal strength. They are ordinary mortals in real life who have the courage to take risks and have the excellent qualities of tenacious optimism and diligence. But also has the wealth first "the pioneering principle"; Focusing on personal interests and pursuing the realization of dreams in the dual contradiction between "good" and "doing evil", they were the typical representatives of the emerging bourgeoisie in Britain in 18th century. It is a kind of "entrepreneurial hero" in the transition period of capitalist economy. These images of "entrepreneurial hero" not only have the personal color of Defoe. As a Puritan businessman Defoe strongly advocated the development of commodity economy and economic freedom. At that time individualism prevailed. The structure of the capitalist economy has changed considerably. In addition, social factors, such as marine culture inherited from ancient Greece and ancient Rome, have also helped individuals realize their "entrepreneurial ideals". It provides psychological support and space for development. The influence of tramp novels and the changes of readership provide fertile ground for the development of realistic novels. Defoe portrays "Entrepreneurship Hero" Image in literature has overturned the definition and view of heroes in the past. It not only recreates ordinary mortals as "heroes" prototype, but also describes the fate of women in the middle and lower classes. In the aesthetic feeling, it can arouse the readers' resonance, and lead the readers to face the complexity of human nature and re-examine their own heart; At the same time, it also reflects to a certain extent the thought and social economic situation of people in the transition period of British capitalist society. Reanalysis of Defoe's works, especially the biographical novels, is not only helpful to the systematic and comprehensive analysis of Defoe. Solution and research. In 18th century, the spirit and social reality of the British capitalist transformation period can be seen from the perspective of literature. In addition, the rapid development of modern science and technology, the rapid economic growth of all countries. People's pursuit of material life is higher and higher. Defoe's "entrepreneurial heroes" positive personality for people to pursue self-development, affirmed that their own strength has a certain positive energy role. Their behavior of neglecting moral ethics and violating legal norms while pursuing personal interests is also worthy of reflection and has a certain warning effect on the phenomenon of rapid expansion of some material desires in contemporary society.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.074

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