哈代《无名的裘德》中的流浪主题

发布时间：2018-01-13 23:13

本文关键词：哈代《无名的裘德》中的流浪主题　出处：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为英国文学史上最杰出的乡土作家,托马斯·哈代以满腔的激情以及丰富的诗化想象创作了一系列威塞克斯小说。《无名的裘德》作为哈代的“封笔”之作,是他最具有争议性的一部小说。多数评论家注意到了小说中所体现的悲剧色彩,并认为这反映了哈代的宿命观和悲剧意识,却少有学者结合小说的空间变化进一步探讨悲剧的内在原因。小说每部分由地名为线索贯穿起来,从田园空间到都市空间展现了主人公的流浪生活,并揭示了流浪者特有的心理空间。因此,该小说是一部书写流浪主题的小说。城乡冲突产生了新的空间,小说中的人物在流动的空间体中失去了对空间的掌控,也丧失了属于他们的空间身份属性,从而异化为乡村和城市的边缘人,这是他们悲剧的根本原因。本论文引言部分介绍了《无名的裘德》的研究现状,确立了小说的流浪主题,并对本文从空间的角度解读人物的流浪历程提供了依据。该部分还提出了论文的主旨和研究方法,指出空间身份属性的丧失是小说人物悲剧的根本原因。第一章分析了威塞克斯农民在田园空间里开始流浪的原因。随着资本主义的扩张和入侵,田园空间受到挤压,古朴的村落失去了昔日的美好,威塞克斯农民也随之丧失了他们在田园空间中的主体性。他们纷纷选择离开村庄,走向城镇,沦为城市里的流浪者。第二章介绍了流浪者在都市空间里的游荡经历。十九世纪末二十世纪初,英国社会经历着一系列巨变。面对两个世纪的交接,人们变得没有方向感。城市空间成了错综复杂的分裂空间,无形的监视规训着人们的生活。哈代的主人公在异质空间里无法生存,却又无法突围。第三章考察了流浪者被异化的悲惨结局。他们徘徊在信仰与迷茫之间,失去自我,被异化成了城市和乡村的边缘人。结论部分总结了主人公在异质空间的追寻及遭遇,并提出哈代通过空间的形式,对维多利亚时期的社会进行了深刻的揭露,体现了他对威塞克斯人命运的关怀。异化了的威塞克斯人找不到归属感,在城乡之间流浪,这是异化者的困惑,也是哈代对于城市和乡村矛盾冲突的困惑,同时,也是他放弃小说生涯的一个原因。
[Abstract]:Thomas Hardy, the most prominent local writer in the history of English literature, wrote a series of Wessex novels with a lot of passion and poetic imagination. It is his most controversial novel. Most critics pay attention to the tragic color embodied in the novel and think it reflects Hardy's fatalism and tragic consciousness. However, few scholars combined with the space changes of the novel to further explore the internal causes of tragedy. Each part of the novel by place names as a clue to run through, from rural space to urban space to show the protagonist's vagrant life. Therefore, the novel is a novel about the theme of vagrancy. The conflict between urban and rural areas has created a new space, and the characters in the novel have lost control of the space in the flowing space body. It also loses their spatial identity and dissimilates themselves to the rural and urban fringe, which is the root cause of their tragedy. The introduction of this paper introduces the research status of Jude the unknown, and establishes the theme of vagrancy in the novel. This part also puts forward the main idea and research method of the thesis, and points out that the loss of spatial identity is the fundamental cause of the tragedy of the characters in the novel. The first chapter analyzes the reason why the farmers of Wessex began to wander in the pastoral space. With the expansion and invasion of capitalism, the rural space was squeezed, and the ancient village lost its former beauty. Wessex farmers also lost their subjectivity in pastoral space. They chose to leave the village and go to town and become urban vagrants. The second chapter introduces the wandering experience of vagrants in urban space. At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, British society experienced a series of great changes and faced the transition of two centuries. Urban space has become a complicated and divided space, invisible monitoring rules people's lives. Hardy's protagonist can not survive in heterogeneous space, but can not break through. Chapter three examines the tragic outcome of alienation of vagrants, who wander between faith and confusion, lose themselves and become marginalized people in cities and villages. The conclusion summarizes the pursuit and encounter of the protagonist in the heterogeneous space, and puts forward that Hardy exposed the Victorian society through the form of space. It reflects his concern for the fate of the Wessex people. The alienated Wessex people can not find a sense of belonging, wandering between urban and rural areas, which is the confusion of dissimilators, but also Hardy's confusion about the conflict between the city and the countryside. At the same time, it is also a reason why he gave up his fiction career.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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