解读海明威的悲剧意识

发布时间：2018-01-25 01:00

本文关键词： 海明威悲剧意识死亡悲剧精神　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：厄内斯特海明威作为1954年的诺贝尔文学奖得主，以他独具匠心的视角描绘出了两次世界大战带给整个人类社会的灾难与痛苦，并着重描写了人类与死亡及自然的抗争而最终失败的结局。以往对于海明威的研究往往是单一视角下的作品分析，鉴于海明威式人物多为悲剧性人物，因此有必要对海明威作品中显现出的悲剧意识进行分析研究。人类既有对生命锲而不舍的追求，但又不得不在生命的终点接受死亡的来临，那是因为“死亡是人类精神活动的末端和最终场所”。海明威认为“生活本身就是一场孤独的斗争，死亡是人类生命循环中不可缺失的一环”。海明威小说所体现的悲剧意识是通过主人公的生死来进行论证。本篇论文运用马克思悲剧理论对海明威的悲剧意识进行了叙述分析，马克思悲剧理论的主要内容涵盖悲剧根源，悲剧冲突和悲剧精神三个部分。首先，论文分析海明威悲剧意识的根源并探寻形成海明威悲剧意识的原因。第一阶段，海明威对死亡充满了孩童般的天真无邪，他认为“他永远不会死”。这种想法在他的生死初探《印第安营地》中生动地表现出来。在生死探究的最后一个阶段，，海明威的看法凝炼为抗争精神。海明威坚信，人类处于优势地位，尽管人类无法征服死亡，但却可以从精神上战胜死亡，实现人生价值。其次，论文重点分析海明威创作的悲剧人物在不同历史时期面对悲剧冲突所做出的反映。海明威早期创作中主要表现为忍受悲剧，这个时期的小说主人公在面对悲剧冲突时持接受态度并对不可抗拒的力量无能无力。随着海明威阅历的丰富，海明威笔下的人物不再一味忍受灾难，而是为了逃离煎熬的生活状态，纵情享乐，用刺激惊险的生活去摆脱迷茫无助的生活。海明威在创作的成熟期认识到一味的逃避也不能解决悲剧冲突的问题，从而开始寻求对于悲剧命运的抗争，尽管结局依然失败。另外，论文分析海明威悲剧意识所体现的悲剧精神，即海明威对生死表现出超然的态度和达观的境界。他坚持，每个人都应该勇敢地直视死亡，克服对死亡的恐惧，以最大限度地实现生命与存在的价值。这就是死亡的壮美与尊严。这样，人类战胜了死亡，成为死亡的主人，实现了人生价值。海明威悲剧精神对于社会及文学创作上都产生了不可忽视的影响。
[Abstract]:Ernest Hemingway, as the Nobel Prize winner of literature in 1954, described the disaster and suffering brought by the two world wars to the whole human society from his original perspective. In the past, the study of Hemingway is often based on the analysis of works from a single perspective, in view of the fact that most of the Hemingway characters are tragic characters. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and study the tragic consciousness in Hemingway's works. Human beings have not only persevering in the pursuit of life, but also have to accept the arrival of death at the end of life. That's because "death is the end and final place of human spiritual activity." Hemingway believes that "life itself is a lonely struggle. Death is an indispensable part of the human cycle of life. " The tragic consciousness embodied in Hemingway's novels is demonstrated by the protagonist's life and death. This paper uses Marx's tragedy theory to narrate and analyze Hemingway's tragic consciousness. The main contents of Marx's tragedy theory include three parts: tragic root, tragic conflict and tragic spirit. First of all, the thesis analyzes the origin of Hemingway's tragic consciousness and explores the reasons for the formation of Hemingway's tragic consciousness. In the first stage, Hemingway is full of childlike innocence to death. His idea that "he will never die" is vividly reflected in his life and death exploration, Indian Camp. It is in the final stages of the life and death inquiry. Hemingway's view condensed into the spirit of struggle. Hemingway firmly believed that mankind is in an advantageous position, although it cannot conquer death, it can overcome death spiritually and realize the value of life. Secondly, the thesis focuses on the reflection of the tragic characters created by Hemingway in different historical periods in the face of tragic conflicts. The protagonist of this period is receptive to the tragic conflict and powerless to the irresistible power. With the enrichment of Hemingway's experience, Hemingway's characters no longer blindly endure the disaster. But in order to escape from the tormented state of life, indulge in pleasure, with the thrill of life to escape from the helpless life. Hemingway in the maturity of the creation realized that blindly escape can not solve the problem of tragic conflict. Thus began to seek the tragic fate of the struggle, although the outcome is still unsuccessful. In addition, the paper analyzes the tragic spirit embodied in Hemingway's tragic consciousness, that is, Hemingway shows a transcendent attitude to life and death, and he insists that everyone should face death bravely. Overcome the fear of death in order to maximize the value of life and existence. This is the beauty and dignity of death. In this way, man overcomes death and becomes the master of death. The tragic spirit of Hemingway has exerted an unnegligible influence on society and literary creation.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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