吉卜林《基姆》中的属下形象

发布时间：2018-01-25 13:39

本文关键词： 吉卜林《基姆》属下矛盾心理　出处：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：吉卜林,作为第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的英国人,却因其帝国主义倾向不断遭受来自世界各地的批评。不考虑其特殊的生活经历和所处的时代背景,就给他贴上帝国主义的标签未免有失公平。《基姆》不仅是吉卜林被公认的最成功的一部小说,也是他描写印度的最后一本小说。对《基姆》的研究无疑有助于人们更好地理解吉卜林。学者们注意到《基姆》研究价值后开始从各个角度对其进行探究,但很少有学者去专门关注《基姆》中所描述的小人物形象。在殖民话语中,底层白人和本土人无论是被一带而过还是以刻板的形象出现都至少揭示出殖民之路并非一帆风顺。因此,本文将从后殖民的角度来分析《基姆》中的属下形象。本文共分为三章。第一章旨在分析底层白人男性的形象。基姆和白人士兵就属于葛兰西所定义的“属下”。他们都是依附、服从于统治阶级领导权的人。基姆是来自穷苦白人家庭的爱尔兰人。一方面,他是优秀的帝国代理人,拥有成为帝国精英的潜质。另一方面,他深爱印度,为了回归印度生活,不时挣脱帝国条条框框的束缚。白人士兵在殖民地的生活非常艰苦因而让人同情。然而他们狭隘的种族观又让人厌恶。通过分析他们的形象以及对其作比较,我们可以看出吉卜林矛盾的阶级观,以及他对纯“英国性”的批判。第二章探讨本土男性的形象。在后殖民研究中,“属下”用来强调被殖民者。在《基姆》中,吉卜林将这种人分为了两类。一类指帝国体系中的服务者。尽管他们是出色的帝国服务者,但他们却表现出了不可能完全忠于英帝国的倾向。另一类指帝国体系之外的本土人。消极形象的印度人和积极形象的印度人都出现在了《基姆》中。通过分析这些本土男性形象,吉卜林矛盾的种族主义观暴露了出来。第三章研究女性形象。斯皮瓦克用“属下”来特别强调属下女性这一群体。殖民地的白人女性形象相对刻板而印度女性的形象则相对丰满。白人女性以故有的脆弱卑微的形象出现,印度女性形象则是多维的。尽管她们是潜在的阻碍男性事业成功的危险分子,但她们也是英帝国的帮手。《基姆》中的属下形象让我们看到了吉卜林的矛盾性。吉卜林并非完全以陈腔滥调来刻画属下形象,这体现出他对盛行于英帝国的阶级观,种族观和性别观的质疑。其次作为西方作者创作的东方文本《基姆》向我们呈现出了一个多姿多彩的东方,这就在一定程度上突破了赛义德的“东方主义”界限。然而吉卜林没能完全摆脱帝国主义思想的影响。属下对英帝国统治的不满和可能产生的威胁使他感到焦虑,并且他暗示文化融合是维持英帝国在印度统治的切实可行之路。
[Abstract]:Kipling, as the first Englishman to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, has been criticized from all over the world for his imperialist tendencies, regardless of his special life experience and background of his time. It would be unfair to label him imperialist. < Kim > is not just Kipling's most successful novel. This is the last novel he has written in India. The study of Kim undoubtedly helps people understand Kipling better. Scholars began to explore Kim from various angles when they noticed the value of his research. But few scholars focus on the image of the little man described in Kim. In colonial discourse. The white and natives at the bottom, whether they are passing by or appearing in stereotypical images, at least reveal that the path to colonization is not plain sailing. This paper will analyze the image of subordinate in Kim from the perspective of post-colonization. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter aims to analyze the image of white men at the bottom. Kim and the white soldiers belong to the "subordinates" defined by Gramsci. They are all dependent. A leader of the ruling class. Kim was an Irish from a poor white family. On the one hand, he was a good imperial agent with the potential to become an imperial elite. On the other hand, he loved India. To return to life in India. From time to time break the shackles of the imperial rules. The life of the white soldiers in the colony was so hard and sympathetic. But their narrow racial outlook was abhorrent. By analyzing their images and comparing them. We can see Kipling's contradictory class view and his critique of pure English sex. The second chapter discusses the image of native male. In the post-colonial study. "subordinates" are used to emphasize the colonized. In "Kim", Kipling divides such people into two categories. One refers to the servants of the imperial system, though they are excellent imperial servants. But they showed a tendency that they could not be completely loyal to the British Empire. Another category refers to natives outside the imperial system. Both negative and positive Indians appear in Kim. Some native male images. Kipling's contradictory view of racism is exposed. Chapter three studies the image of women. The colony's white women are relatively stereotyped, while the Indian women's images are relatively plump. White women appear as weak and humble images. The image of Indian women is multidimensional. Although they are potentially dangerous to the success of men's careers, they are also helpers of the British Empire. The images of Kim's subordinates show us the contradiction of Kipling. Kipling does not portray his subordinates entirely in clich 茅 s, which reflects his view of class prevailing in the British Empire. Secondly, as the oriental text written by western writers, Kim presents us with a colorful oriental view. To some extent, this has broken through said's "Orientalism". However, Kipling was unable to completely free himself from the influence of imperialist thinking. His dissatisfaction with the British Empire and the possible threat to it made him anxious. And he hinted that cultural integration was a viable way to maintain the British Empire's rule in India.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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