美国当代女性小说家的母性书写

发布时间：2018-03-05 23:23

本文选题：母性书写　切入点：主体性　出处：《北京外国语大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：母亲身份是女性主义理论的核心部分。女性运动第二次浪潮以来,朱莉亚·克里斯蒂娃(Julia Kristeva).露西·伊利格瑞(Luce Irigaray).艾德里娜·里奇(Adrienne Rich).南希·乔多罗(Nancy Chodorow).萨拉·拉迪克(Sara Ruddick).卡罗尔·吉利根(Carol Gilligan)等分别从不同的角度聚焦于母亲,使母性理论在广度与深度上获得前所未有的丰收。与之相应,女性小说家也开始从考察自己与母亲的关系、建构自我的主体性出发,将目光转向母亲,使之从沉默的幕后走出来并逐渐获得自己的话语。随着女性主义理论的不断深入发展,美国当代女性小说家在书写母亲的过程中经历了从拒绝成为母亲,到渴望寻找母亲的谱系并试图确立母亲的主体性这一过程,而如何使母亲从被需要的客体成为获得自我的主体成为母性书写不可回避的核心问题。对此,不同的女作家从不同的角度寻找着答案。本文通过西尔维娅·普拉斯(Sylvia Plath)、汤亭亭(Maxine Hong Kingston).托妮·莫里森(Toni Morrison).路易斯·厄德里奇(Louise Erdrich).苏·米勒(Sue Miller).玛丽·戈登(Mary Gordon)、芭芭拉·金索佛(Barbara Kingsolver)这七位美国当代女性小说家的七部作品,即《钟形罩》(The Bell Jar,1963)、《女勇士》(The Woman Warrior,1976)、《男人与天使》(Men and Angels,1986)、《宠儿》(Beloved,1987)、《好母亲》(The Good Mother,1986)、《爱药》(Love Medicine,1984)、《豆树青青》(The Bean Trees,1988)来讨论母亲主体的建构之旅。本文将“对母亲主体的呼唤”、“成为爱的主体”、“成为身体的主体”以及“成为身份的主体”这四个维度来分析当代美国女性小说家的母性书写及其对母亲主体性的建构。在“对母亲主体的呼唤”这一章中,本文利用伊利格瑞等人的弑母理论以及心理分析方法对《钟形罩》与《女勇士》中母亲在女儿的书写中受到他者化,乃至遭受谋杀的现象进行分析,并结合五六十年代的社会文化背景讨论母亲从失语到开始自己的言说这一历史过程。“成为爱的主体”这一章结合本杰明、伊里格瑞等人有关爱的理论以及吉利根等人的女性主义伦理理论分析《宠儿》与《男人与天使》中提出的关于母爱的问题,并讨论母亲成为爱的主体的内涵及对母亲主体建构的意义。在“成为身体的主体”部分,本文通过对《好母亲》与《爱药》的解读,考察父权文化下被消解或扼制的母亲的身体,并分析身体与母亲的自我之间的关系。最后,本文最后一章“成为身份的主体”通过《豆树青青》与《爱药》中书写的替养母亲讨论当代女性在母亲身份选择上如何体现出自主性,从而成为其身份的主体。寻找母亲自己的话语、书写母亲自己的经历—这已成为当代女性小说家的重要使命。本文中讨论的母亲从女儿书写中的他者成为多样化的存在,无论是舍弃自己的孩子,还是纵情于身体之欲,还是拒绝通过传统的婚姻生养孩子,美国当代女性小说家笔下的母亲并没有抛弃作为母亲的责任,她们以血肉之躯寻找着自我的存在,使自己不再作为父权社会一厢情愿的客体被表述,而是作为行动的主体赋予母亲新的生命。本文以当代西方主要母性理论为理论框架分析所涉及的文本,从历史与现实的角度解读当代女性作家在其母性书写中对母亲主体性的建构。
[Abstract]:Motherhood is a core part of feminist theory. Since the second wave of feminist movement, Julia Christiva (Julia Kristeva). Lucy Iligri (Luce Irigaray). Adelina Rich (Adrienne Rich). Nancy Chodorow (Nancy Chodorow), La Radek (Sara Ruddick). Carol Gilligan (Carol Gilligan) respectively from different angle focusing from the mother, the maternal theory hitherto unknown harvest in breadth and depth. Accordingly, women writers also started examining their relationship with her mother, the construction of subjectivity of the self starting, turning to the mother, the silent scenes came out and gradually get their own discourse. With the further development of women the theory, contemporary American female novelists in the process of writing the experience from the mother refused to become a mother, looking for a mother to The pedigree and attempt to establish the process of subjectivity mother, but how to make the mother from the object to be self subject becomes a key problem in maternal writing can not be avoided. In this regard, female writers from different angle looking for answers. This paper by Silvia Plath (Sylvia Plath), Tang Tingting (Maxine Hong Kingston) (Toni Morrison). Toni Morrison. Luis Oderich (Louise Erdrich). Sue Miller (Sue Miller). Mary Gordon (Mary Gordon), Barbara King (Barbara Kingsolver) sulfonal the seven contemporary American female novelists of the seven works, namely "the bell jar" (The Bell Jar, 1963). "The woman warrior (The > Woman Warrior, 1976), men and Angels (Men < > and Angels < > 1986), darling (Beloved, 1987)," good mother (The Good > Mother, < > 1986), love medicine (Love Medicine, 1984), "green bean tree (The > Bean Trees 1988), to discuss the construction of mother body tour. The "mother of the main call", "has become the subject of love", "a body" and "become the identity of the subject of the four dimensions to analyze the contemporary American female novelists and maternal writing construction of mother's subjectivity. In the" mother call subject "in this chapter, using the theory of matricide Irigaray's and psychological analysis of < bell > > < mother and the woman warrior by others in her writing, and even suffered the murder of analysis, combined with the social and cultural background on 50s and 60s from the mother aphasia to began his speech this historical process." as the subject of love "this chapter with Benjamin, Luce Irigaray et al related theory of love and Gilligan et al of feminist ethics theory". The problems are put forward about motherhood "and" men and angels >, and discuss the connotation of the mother has become the subject of love and mother of subject construction. In "become the body", through the interpretation of the "good mother" and "Love Medicine >, examine the digestion or control of the mother the body of the patriarchal culture, and analyze the relationship between the body and the mother's self. Finally, the last chapter" become identity subject "by" green bean tree "and" Love Medicine > writes for discussion of contemporary women in the foster mother mother identity choice how to embody the independence, and thus become the main body of the identity.
Looking for his mother's words, his mother writing experience - which has become an important mission of contemporary women writers are discussed in this paper. The mother from her daughter in the writing of others become diversified, whether to abandon their children, or indulge in physical desire, also refused to have children through traditional marriage, contemporary American female novelist's mother did not abandon their responsibilities as a mother, looking for self existence in flesh and blood, so that they no longer as the object of the patriarchal society of wishful thinking is expressed as the main line, but the mother gives new life. The contemporary western main theory as the theoretical framework for analyzing the maternal text involved and the interpretation of contemporary female writer in the maternal writing to mother in the construction of subjectivity in the view of history and reality.

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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