新历史主义解读冯内古特的《囚鸟》

发布时间：2018-03-13 10:31

本文选题：冯内古特　切入点：《囚鸟》　出处：《河南师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：库尔特·冯内古特(Kurt Vonnegut,1922-2007)是一位声名卓著的美国后现代主义作家，被英国大文豪格雷厄姆·格林称为“最重要的美国作家之一”（冯内古特1）。《囚鸟》是冯内古特的代表作品，被认为是“冯内古特七十年代最好的作品”（毛信德582）。小说中，他戏说二战前后美国时政，以一个人的回忆和经历串起美国二十世纪许多重大事件，包括美国劳工运动、两次世界大战、麦卡锡主义、水门事件等，把历史框架下的细节重新编撰，以自己独到的手法和巧妙的叙事方法展现美国社会的另一面。冯内古特在美国作家中的地位可说得上高山仰止，但是，《囚鸟》作为冯内古特的代表作品，在我国却一直未得到足够的关注，，而从新历史主义角度去解读《囚鸟》的论文则少之又少。鉴于此，本论文欲通过运用新历史主义来探讨《囚鸟》中真实与虚构的巧妙结合。新历史主义主张文学研究应该把历史因素考虑在文本内，文学与历史之间并不存在所谓的“前景”与“背景”的关系，而是平等的、彼此作用、互相影响的关系。蒙特罗斯更是提出了“文本的历史性”和“历史的文本性”这一对新历史主义的关键概念，从理论的高度探讨了文本与历史之间的关系，用自己独特的方式阐释了历史的虚构成分和文学文本的历史内涵。新历史主义视角下的《囚鸟》是历史与虚构的结合体，是“文本历史性”和“历史文本性”这一理论点的完美体现。本文通过分析时代背景在文本中的痕迹来体现文本的历史性特征；以历史人物在小说中的偏离、元小说和闪回等叙事技巧的运用、对主流话语的颠覆以及个人小历史代替宏观叙事四个方面来说明小说中历史的文本性特征。冯内古特在《囚鸟》中使历史与文本产生互动，历史为文学提供素材，文学对历史进行塑造。这体现出作家对历史的客观性的质疑和对现实深切的人文主义关怀。
[Abstract]:Kurt Vonnegutte (1922-2007) is a famous American postmodernist writer called "one of the most important American writers" by British great writer Graham Green. Thought to be the best work of Vonnegut 70s (Mao Hsin-de 582e.Fiction), he jokes about American politics before and after World War II, stringing up a single person's memories and experiences of many major events in the United States in 20th century, including the American Labor Movement. The two world wars, McCarthyism, Watergate, etc., recompile the details in the historical framework and display the other side of American society with their own unique techniques and ingenious narrative methods. Vonnegut's position among American writers can be said to be very high, but as a representative work of Vonnegut, the prisoner bird has not received enough attention in our country. In view of this, this paper tries to use the new historicism to explore the ingenious combination of truth and fiction in prisoners' Birds. Neo-historicism argues that historical factors should be taken into account in literary studies. There is no so-called "foreground" and "background" relationship between literature and history, but they are equal and interact with each other. Montrose puts forward the key concepts of "the history of text" and "the textuality of history", which are the key concepts of new historicism, and probes into the relationship between text and history from the perspective of theory. It explains the fictional elements of history and the historical connotation of literary texts in its own unique way. The prisoner bird from the perspective of new historicism is a combination of history and fiction. It is the perfect embodiment of the theoretical point of "text historicity" and "historical textuality". This paper reflects the historical characteristics of the text by analyzing the traces of the background of the times in the text, and deviates from the historical characters in the novel. The use of narrative techniques such as metafiction and flashbacks, the subversion of mainstream discourse and the substitution of individual small history for macro narration illustrate the textual characteristics of history in the novel. Vonnegut interacts history with text in prisoners' Birds. History provides materials for literature and literature shapes history, which reflects the writer's questioning of the objectivity of history and the profound humanistic concern for reality.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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