论奈保尔《自由国度》中人物的文化身份

发布时间：2018-03-15 18:31

本文选题：《自由国度》　切入点：文化身份　出处：《河北师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：维迪亚达·苏莱普拉沙得·奈保尔是2001年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。他是英国后殖民文学中著名的移民作家。他的故乡是印度，，但他在特立尼达岛出生并成长，后来在英国接受了高等教育，从那以后定居并且生活在伦敦。他复杂的文化背景导致了他对文化身份的困惑和不确定性。他被叫做“无根作家”,因此他的写作与他的文化身份紧密相连。《自由国度》是他的短篇小说集，1971年在英国获得了布克奖。这本书包括两个日记摘要和三个短篇小说。这三篇小说中的主人公们在地理和文化上都经历了移位，他们在异国遇到了文化身份的危机，失去了归属感。本文将结合后殖民理论分析《自由国度》中三种人物的文化身份问题。引言部分对作家奈保尔，《自由国度》以及文化身份的相关理论做了简单的介绍，并且概述了国内外对这部作品的研究现状。第一章分析了一个印度文化坚守者在美国的文化身份。桑托什是一个印度仆人，跟随着他的雇主来到华盛顿。他在三方面坚守着印度文化，第一，他总是用印度的思维方式去处事；第二，从着装和起居方面还保持着印度的生活方式；第三，他严格遵守着印度宗教的制度，他不能原谅自己娶了一个哈布舍族的妇女，为了赎罪他关闭了心灵，不去接触任何与美国文化有关的事物，而将自己囚禁在印度文化中。第二章讨论了在英国两种边缘人的文化身份。叙述者和弟弟戴约试图从西印度群岛逃到伦敦去实现梦想。第一节分析的是叙述者，他是事业上的失败者。他想通过自己在工厂的辛勤劳动挣很多的钱成为有钱人，但由于身体过度劳累他再也不能做苦力劳动。然后他经营了自己的商店，但他并不善于做生意，并且屡屡遭到当地恶棍们的捣乱。后来商店的倒闭和弟弟的辍学使他的精神彻底崩溃，他成为了一个彻底的失败者。第二节论述的是戴约，他想通过在大学里接受高等教育成为一个专业人才。但是殖民文化的束缚和贫困的生活阻碍了他接受教育，最后他放弃了学业。他试图模仿西方人的行为来融入主流文化，但仍然徘徊在社会的边缘位置，经历了和叙述者相同的遭遇。第三章阐述了英国人在非洲的他者形象。一方面，鲍比和琳达以霸道的殖民者身份出现在非洲人面前。鲍比是一个同性恋的恶徒，他仗着白人的权势玩弄非洲男孩来满足他的性欲。琳达是一个种族隔离者，她尽力避免与非洲人的接触，并对非洲人充满了极度的冷漠和偏见。另一方面,鲍比和琳达在动乱的非洲也充满了危机感，因为在黑非洲人群中他们是外来者或弱者。这一节重点分析了鲍比这个人物。他想作为一个服务者，通过与非洲人的认同来保护自己，所以他采取友好的态度去帮助非洲人。但他不仅受到了非洲人的排斥和侮辱，最后还成了非洲人暴力下的牺牲品。最后一部分对于文章前面的论述做了总结。故事中的主人公从故土来到异国，他们的身份都发生了改变。即，印度人在美国获得了美国身份，但仍坚守着印度文化；西印度群岛人在英国变成了边缘人；英国人在非洲变成了他者。他们都没有在各自的“自由国度”找到自由，并且陷入了文化身份的困境。这便传达出异族文化在各个历史阶段的冲突和不可相容性。通过对这本书中三种人物文化身份的分析,期望对了解奈保尔的文化身份观念有所帮助，并且期待能引起评论界和读者对《自由国度》的更多关注。
[Abstract]:Verdi and Suleprasad Naipaul, who won the Nobel prize in 2001. He is a famous British immigrant writer after the colonial literature. His hometown is India, but he was born and grew up in the island of Trinidad, and later in Britain has received higher education, then settled and lived in London. He led to his complex cultural background on cultural identity confusion and uncertainty. He was called a "rootless writer", so his writing and his cultural identity are closely linked.
< > is a free country, his collection of short stories, won the 1971 Booker Prize in the UK. This book includes two diary abstracts and three short stories. The three novels the protagonists in geography and culture has experienced the shift, they encountered the crisis of cultural identity in a foreign country, lost ownership this paper will combine the sense of post colonial theory to analyze the cultural identity of three characters in < > in the free state.
The introduction gives a brief introduction to the related theories of Naipaul, the free country and cultural identity, and outlines the research status of the works both at home and abroad.
The first chapter analyzes a India culture to the American cultural identity. Santosh is a servant of India, along with his employer came to Washington. He clung to the culture of India, in three ways: first, he always used India's way of thinking to work; second, from the aspects of dress and still keep the living life in India way; third, he strictly abide by the India religious system, he can't forgive myself for marrying a hubshi women, in order to sin he shut down the heart, not to contact any related to American culture that will be their own prison ban in India culture.
The second chapter discusses the two kinds of people in the UK the edge of the cultural identity of the narrator and his brother Deyoe tried to run away to London from the West Indies to realize the dream. The first section is the analysis of the narrator, he is the cause of the failure. He wanted to through their own hard work in the factory to earn a lot of money for the rich, but because of the body he overworked cannot do toil. Then he opened his own labor shop, but he is not good at doing business, and often by local thugs. Store closures and trouble later brother drop out to his spirit of complete collapse, he became a loser. The second section discusses the Deyoe. He wanted to accept higher education in the university to become a professional talent. But the shackles of colonialism and poverty hinders his education, he finally gave up his studies. He tried to imitate the West The behavior is integrated into the mainstream culture, but it still lingers on the edge of the society, experiencing the same experience as the narrator.
The third chapter of the British people in Africa. The image of the other hand, Bobby and Linda to bully the colonists identity appeared in front of Africans. Bobby is a gay villain, he relied on the white power with African boy to satisfy his desire. Linda is an apartheid, she tried to avoid with Africans the contact of Africans was full of indifference and prejudice. On the other hand, Bobby and Linda in the turmoil of Africa is full of a sense of crisis, because the black African populations they are outsiders or weak. This section focuses on the analysis of the character of Bobby. He thought as a service, to protect through their own and African identity, so he took a friendly attitude to help Africans. But he not only by rejection and insult Africans, and finally became a victim of the violence of Africans.
The last part discusses the front of this paper was summarized. The hero of the story came from his exotic, their identities are changed. That is, the Indians won the American identity in the United States, but still adhere to the culture of India; the West Indies became marginalized in the UK; the British became the other in Africa they are not in their "free country" to find freedom, and in the cultural identity dilemma. It conveys the alien culture conflict in each historical stage and can not be compatible. The three characters of cultural identity of this book, expected to understand Naipaul's concept of cultural identity has help, and look forward to more attention from critics and readers of "free country >.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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