后殖民女性主义视角下谭恩美的自传体小说研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 12:23

本文选题：谭恩美　切入点：自传体小说　出处：《吉林师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：谭恩美（1952—）自1989年发表处女作《喜福会》以来，其作品取得了巨大的成功，目前，谭恩美已经出版了5部小说，3部散文集和2部儿童文学作品。在倡导多元文化的美国社会中，作为美国华裔文学史上一位重要的女性作家，她的地位早已超越了一位少数族裔小说家的身份，成为整个美国乃至西方最著名的作家之一。早期的美国华裔女性文学在主题和内容上大多属于自传体文学。可以说，自传体小说是美国华裔女性文学最重要、发展最为成熟的文体形式。(程爱民,2003)美国华裔女性作家谭恩美的自传体小说是女性身份和种族身份的自我书写。作为第二代移民美国的华裔，谭恩美有着独特的人生经历。她的小说创作背景多为自己和母亲的亲身经历以及从长辈们那里听到的故事。通过自传体小说创作，谭恩美将视线投向长期以来遭受不平等待遇的华裔女性群体，描述了她们在美国主流社会中的边缘化处境，从种族、性别、语言和文化等方面沦落为“他者”的地位，探索她们在华夏文化和美国白人主流文化的冲突中探寻自我身份构建的途径，展现出她们在男权统治和种族压迫中为实现华裔女性独立和解放的努力。自传体小说为以谭恩美为代表的华裔女性讲述自己在异域的“他者”经历、“边缘化”处境以及自我身份的寻求与构建提供了有效的文本策略。因此，运用自传批评理论和后殖民女性主义批评理论解读谭恩美的自传体小说将为我们在当代多元文化共存的大背景下探讨亚文化群体的性别、族裔和文化身份建构问题提供有效的途径。本文运用自传批评理论和后殖民女性主义批评理论解读谭恩美的三部自传体小说——《喜福会》、《灶神之妻》和《接骨师之女》。论文阐述了三部小说中所体现出的自传的三维事实，探讨被双重文化“边缘化”的美国华裔女性的生存处境和精神遭遇，描述了她们被中国封建传统文化和美国主流文化界定为“他者”身份的压抑，揭示出她们如何通过自身努力从沉默到发声的过程，探寻实现自我身份构建的方式和途径。论文共分为五部分。第一章为引言，简要介绍了谭恩美的生平和三部自传体小说，同时梳理和归纳了谭恩美作品的国内外研究现状。第二章介绍了本文运用的文学理论——自传批评和后殖民女性主义批评。自传批评中的三维事实理论包括自传事实、传记事实和历史事实，三者“水乳交融，三位一体，，构成了自传里事实的三维性。”（赵白生,2003:32）后殖民主义和女性主义都致力于揭示权力政治关系中的不平等，并积极为弱者和处在边缘地位的他者寻求出路。在这两种理论基础之上成长起来的后殖民女性主义，融合“种族”、“性别”和“阶级”于一体，更好地阐释第三世界女性的境遇。第三章运用自传批评中的“三维事实”理论阐述谭恩美小说的自传性。自传事实是自我发展的轨迹，是用来构建自我发展的事实。谭恩美的成长经历以及她作品中体现的命运观和创作观都是自传事实；传记事实是“传主与他人的关系”，例如谭恩美作品中探讨的母女关系；历史事实是“传主和时代的关系”，比如她笔下的华裔女性在中国和美国社会中遭受到的来自性别和种族上的歧视和压迫。通过分析谭恩美自传体小说中的三维事实，揭示了在旧中国饱受摧残和压迫的华裔女性，怀着美国梦来到美国后所遭遇的种种歧视和文化冲突，在美国主流文化中处于“他者”的边缘化处境。第四章运用后殖民女性主义理论阐释了美国华裔女性自我身份寻求和建构的过程和途径。谭恩美的自传体小说反映出美国华裔女性从觉醒到反抗种族、性别和文化上的压迫，打破沉默并通过讲中国故事和寻根的方式努力寻求自我身份，最后用自我书写的方式完成自我身份的构建。最后一章为结论部分。作为美国华裔女性作家的代表之一，谭恩美的自传体小说不仅是她本人的自传，同时也是整个华裔女性群体在美国艰难奋斗的一个缩影，是凸显美国华裔女性心路历程的民族传记。在多元文化共存的全球化背景下，谭恩美发出了自己独特的声音，在华夏文化和美国白人主流文化的冲突中探寻到自身的文化身份归属，展现出美国华裔女性自强不息的风采。本文通过运用自传理论和后殖民女性主义理论研究谭恩美的自传体小说，可以为亚文化群体的自我身份建构问题提供有效的解决途径。
[Abstract]:Amy Tan (1952) published since 1989 debut "the Joy Luck Club", his work has achieved great success, now, Amy Tan has published 5 novels, 3 collections of essays and 2 children's literature. In the multicultural American society in the history of Chinese American literature, as an important woman the writer, her position has already gone beyond a minority novelist, has become one of the most famous writers throughout the United States and the West.
Chinese American women's literature in the early stage of theme and content are mostly Autobiographical Literature. It can be said that the autobiography is the most important Chinese American women's literature, the most mature style for the development. (Cheng Aimin, 2003) Chinese American female writer Amy Tan's autobiographical novel is the female identity and ethnic identity of the immigrants in the United States as self writing. The second generation of Chinese, Amy Tan has a unique life experience background. Her novels for herself and her mother's experience and hear the story from the elders there. Through autobiographical novels, Amy Tan focus on Chinese women long suffering from unequal treatment, they are described in the American mainstream society edge from the environment, race, sex, language and culture, "as the" other "status, to explore them in the Chinese culture and the American white man To explore the conflict flow culture in the way of self identity construction, realize the Chinese women show their independence and liberation efforts in the patriarchal and racial oppression. As an autobiographical novel by Amy Tan as the representative of Chinese women about their experiences in the exotic "others", "Marginalization" and the situation of self identity provides effective the strategy of seeking and constructing the text. Therefore, the use of autobiography criticism interpretation of Amy Tan theory and postcolonial feminist criticism will be autobiographical novels for us to discuss the background of the subculture group under the multicultural coexistence of gender, ethnic and cultural identity construction provides a effective way.
The autobiography criticism interpretation of Amy Tan theory and postcolonial feminist criticism of the three autobiographical novel The Joy Luck Club - < >, < >. Female the kitchen god's wife "and" The Bonesetter's fact describes the 3D embodied in the three novels of autobiography, by dual culture "Marginalization" of Chinese American women's life and spiritual experience, they are described Chinese feudal traditional culture and American mainstream culture is defined as "otherness" repression, reveals how they through their own efforts from silence to sound process, explore the way to realize self identity construction.
The paper is divided into five parts.
The first chapter is an introduction, which briefly introduces Amy Tan's life and three autobiographical novels. At the same time, it combs and sums up the research status of Amy Tan's works at home and abroad.
The second chapter introduces the theory of literature in this paper: Autobiography criticism and postcolonial feminist criticism. In fact the theory of three-dimensional autobiography criticism including autobiographical facts, biographical facts and historical facts, the three "harmony, three-in-one, constitute a three-dimensional autobiography fact." (Zhao Baisheng, 2003:32) post colonialism and feminism it aims to reveal the relationship among powers is not equal, and positive for the weak and marginalized in the other to seek a way out. Post colonial feminism grew up on these two kinds of theoretical basis, fusion "race", "gender" and "class" in one, a better interpretation of the third world women's situation.
The third chapter uses the autobiographical autobiography criticism of "three facts" theory of Amy Tan's novels. The autobiographical facts is self development, is used to construct the self development of the facts. Amy Tan's growth experiences and reflect the concept of fate and creation in her works are autobiographical facts; biographical fact is the "relationship" with the hero others, such as the research works of Amy Tan in the mother daughter relationship; historical fact is the "relationship" character and the times, for example, she described the Chinese American women in American society and China suffered from discrimination and oppression of gender and race. Through the analysis of three-dimensional facts in Amy Tan's autobiographical novels, reveals the battered and Chinese oppression in the old Chinese woman, with an American dream to all kinds of discrimination and cultural conflicts encountered in the United States, in the "marginalized others" in the mainstream American culture A situation.
The fourth chapter uses postcolonial feminist theory to explain the Chinese American women's identity seeking and construction process and method of Amy Tan's autobiographical novel reflects Chinese American women from awakening to against racial, gender and cultural oppression, to break the silence and seek self identity by telling Chinese stories and roots, finally construct with the completion of self identity the way of writing.
The last chapter is the conclusion part. As a representative of Chinese American women writers, Amy Tan's autobiographical novel is not only her own autobiography, is also the Chinese women in a microcosm of American hard struggle, is a prominent Chinese American women's mentality of National Biography. In the background of globalization the multicultural coexistence, Amy Tan has its own unique voice, to explore the cultural identity of their conflict in Chinese culture and American mainstream white culture, showing the Chinese American women's unremitting self-improvement style. In this paper, through the use of autobiography theory and postcolonial feminist theory on Amy Tan's autobiographical novel, for subculture identity construction problems effective solution.

【学位授予单位】：吉林师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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