伦理缺位与人性迷失—《换位》的文学伦理学解读

发布时间：2018-03-17 15:24

本文选题：戴维?洛奇　切入点：《换位》　出处：《中国矿业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：戴维?洛奇(1935-)是英国当代著名的小说家和文学批评家。作为其校园三部曲之首的《换位》,获得了霍桑登文学奖和约克郡邮报最佳小说奖。本文作者在认真研读文本的基础上,以文学伦理学批评方法为基础,对这部小说中的伦理道德现象进行“批评性阅读”,探讨小说中关于人性的伦理内涵以及作家的伦理道德思想和观念,从而揭示这部作品的社会现实意义。文学伦理学批评是一种从伦理的立场解读、分析和阐释文学作品,研究作家以及与文学有关问题的研究方法。这种研究方法认为文学是特定历史阶段伦理观念和道德生活的独特表达形式,文学在本质上是伦理的艺术。运用文学伦理学批评方法对小说《换位》进行解读是一种新的尝试。首先,小说中的两位男主人公背弃了自己作为教授和学术精英的身份和责任,学术研究成为他们追名逐利的工具,导致了他们伦理身份的迷失。其次,两位男主人公违背了人类的伦理道德禁忌。小说中表现的不正常的家庭伦理关系,双方夫妻关系的“换位”、父母子女关系的扭曲以及婚外情严重破坏了人类文明标志的家庭伦理规范。然而,当时社会环境的剧变颠覆了传统的伦理道德规范,人类在自由意志和伦理秩序之间进退两难,伦理选择成为痛苦的抉择。在小说中表现为人际关系的冷漠与疏离,高等教育制度的虚伪和腐败以及性解放运动的泛滥。人类在漫长的社会发展中形成的宝贵的伦理道德体系面临解体的危机,这将导致人类社会的倒退。戴维?洛奇在小说《换位》中对以培养社会精英著称的大学校园里出现的伦理危机展开文学叙述,表现出作家对西方社会普遍存在的精神危机的关注和思考。这样的研究可以为现代社会的发展起警示和反思作用,告诫人们不要为了私欲迷失人性,应积极找寻出路走出困境。
[Abstract]:David? Rocky is a famous contemporary British novelist and literary critic. As the head of his campus trilogy, he won the Hawthorne Prize for Literature and the Yorkshire Post Award for Best Fiction. Based on the method of literary ethics criticism, this paper makes a critical reading of the ethical and moral phenomena in this novel, and probes into the ethical connotation of human nature in the novel, as well as the writer's ethical and moral thoughts and ideas. In order to reveal the social practical significance of this work, literary ethics criticism is a kind of interpretation, analysis and interpretation of literary works from an ethical standpoint. The method of studying writers and problems related to literature, which holds that literature is a unique form of expression of ethical ideas and moral life at a particular stage of history, Literature is essentially the art of ethics. It is a new attempt to interpret the novel "transposition" by means of literary ethics criticism. First of all, the two protagonists in the novel abandon their status and responsibilities as professors and academic elites. Academic research has become a tool for them to pursue fame and gain, which leads to the loss of their ethical identity. Secondly, the two protagonists violate the ethical taboos of human beings. The "transposition" of the relationship between husband and wife, the distortion of the relationship between parents and children, and extramarital affairs have seriously undermined the family ethical norms that symbolize human civilization. However, the dramatic changes in the social environment at that time overturned the traditional ethical norms. Human beings are in a dilemma between free will and ethical order. Ethical choice becomes a painful choice. The hypocrisy and corruption of the higher education system and the proliferation of the sexual liberation movement. The precious ethical and moral system formed by mankind in the long social development is facing the crisis of disintegration, which will lead to the retrogression of the human society. In the novel "transposition", Rocky begins a literary account of the ethical crisis on the campus, which is famous for cultivating the social elite. This kind of research can serve as a warning and reflection for the development of modern society and warn people not to lose their humanity for the sake of selfish desire and to find a way out of the predicament.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.074

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