论井上厦文学中的国家观

发布时间：2018-03-18 13:16

本文选题：井上厦　切入点：国家观　出处：《吉林大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：井上厦（1934年—2010年）是日本当代文坛的巨擘之一，在日本可谓家喻户晓的剧作家、小说家。他创作出大量具有相当影响力的小说和戏剧作品，多次获得谷崎润一郎奖、菊池宽奖、直木奖，并因业绩突出而获得日本文化功劳勋章。然而，井上厦的价值不仅仅在于文学成就本身，其作品、思想乃至行动，涉及到了当代日本的美学、文化、社会、政治、经济、生活等各个层面，以至于今天凡谈到日本当代文学与社会、文化、政治思想的关系时，几乎都避不开井上厦这个名字。就是说，井上研究在当代日本研究中具有相当重要的意义和价值。也正因如此，本论才拣了这样一块硬骨头啃，目的是要通过一己之力，为井上研究、当代日本研究做一点有益的工作。那么，，贯穿井上文学的主线是什么？细读作品就会发现，井上文学中贯穿的这条主线就是井上厦独特的国家观。可以说，正是井上厦对国家、特别是对日本这个国家的清醒认识，才催生出了井上独特的文学。因此，通过对井上文学的系统的把握，凸现其国家观的特征，并挖掘其产生的主要根源，正是本论的出发点。本论文共分七章。序章对日本、中国的先行研究进行总结、概括，并在此基础上，提出本论的问题意识和研究方法。第一章以井上厦的戏剧作品《上海月亮》为中心，通过其中的反对体制的“非国民”形象，考察井上厦对国家战争体制下的“国家”与“国民”的思考，以及对“非国民”的褒扬；《上海月亮》可以说是反体制人物形象的集大成之作，这些反体制的人物形象中，既有较为温婉的抵抗体制者，也有较为强硬的反对体制者，更有利用体制的反对体制者，尽管他们性格各异，但有一个共同的特征，就是对强硬的国家体制有着清醒的认识，并在思想上和行动上，保持同体制的距离和批判态度，都是地地道道的“非国民”。井上厦正是通过塑造这些生动的“非国民”形象，表达了自己对国家的独特认识——国家体制并非完全值得信赖，每个国民都要在强大的国家机器面前，保持独立的个性，敢于对体制说“不”。第二章以井上厦的戏剧作品《组曲虐杀》为中心，考察井上笔下的小林多喜二这个“非国民”形象即对天皇国家体制的揭露与批判。《组曲虐杀》以晚年的小林为题材，通过小林对苦难童年的回忆，和他与特警、家人的对白，体现出了小林对国家的理解、对战争的理解、对暴力的理解。井上笔下的小林，是一位真的猛士——他“敢于直面惨淡的人生，敢于正视淋漓的鲜血”。他的笔像一把锋利的匕首，直刺日本军国主义社会的最黑暗的一面，他的笔又像一盏灯，给黑暗中的穷苦人们以光明。他的苦难经历使他有了对日本社会更为理性地判断与识别能力。他反对暴力，哪怕是正义的暴力。他对于弱势群体给予人道主义的关怀，对于家人由于他的行为而受到的牵连而忧郁、苦闷、感伤。然而，他面对体制中的强权时，却声色俱厉，义正词严。特别是他对天皇制国家体制的批判，更是切中要害，成为时代的绝响。惟其如此，这部作品才能够成为井上厦的顶峰之作。第三章以《吉里吉里人》为中心，通过其中的拥戴体制的“国民”形象，考察井上厦对经济高速增长体制内的“国家”和“国民”的关系的认识，以及对这种“国民性”的批判。战后国家与国民的关系问题，一直是日本社会的一个重要问题。怎样建立一个国民国家，井上通过作品《吉里吉里人》提出了自己的设想。这部作品的意义不仅在于井上厦关于“理想国家”的种种描述，更重要的是，井上厦通过对经济高速增长体制下出现的种种弊端的揭露，和对一些体制受益者（如某些丧心病狂的开业医和农民暴发户）的揶揄，以及“吉里吉里人”面对体制的高压所表现出的勇敢和自信的褒扬，表达了他的国家观：批判现行体制中的不合理部分，永远是国民自身的责任。第四章以《闪烁星座》为中心，通过反抗国家体制的种种悲惨结局，考察井上文学中体现的国家观的核心和对国家体制的揭露与批判；井上在这部作品的结尾通过作品中的人物竹田的口向读者传递了这样一句话——地球是宇宙的奇迹，人类是地球的奇迹。这种宇宙、地球、人类三位一体的大宇宙观，超越了当时日本当局鼓吹的大日本帝国观，将反对战争的主题升华到了天人合一、人类和谐的层面。这种大宇宙观其实也体现了井上厦对国家的认识：国家体制不应该凌驾于人类、地球、宇宙之上，成为毁灭地球、毁灭人类的刽子手，而是应该成为保护地球家园、继续开创人类奇迹的助推器。惟其如此，《闪烁星座》的标题才有了重要的现实意味和意义。第五章通过对井上厦所处的时代及其家世、经历、创作历程等的综合分析，考察井上厦的国家观产生的根源及其表现手法。终章在概括以上几章内容的基础上，对井上文学中的国家观进行结论性总结。
[Abstract]:Wells Xiamen (1934 - 2010) is one of the giant Japanese novelist in the contemporary literary world, Japan is known to every family playwright. He created a number of influential fiction and drama, has won the award the Kikuchi Hiroshi prize, Yazaki Junichi Lang, Naoki prize for outstanding achievement, and won the Japanese cultural Merit Medal.
However, wells Xiamen is valuable not only for literary achievement itself, its work, thought and action, related to the contemporary Japanese aesthetics, culture, society, politics, economy, life and other aspects, so that today all talk about Japan's contemporary literature and social relations, culture, political thought, almost all can not avoid well Xiamen this name. That is to say, Inoue of important significance and value in contemporary studies in Japan. Because of this, the only pick up such a piece of hard bone to chew, the purpose is to through their own efforts, to study well, contemporary Japanese studies do a little useful work.
Then, through the well literary masterstroke is what? Reading works will be found through literature well on this line is well Xiamen unique view of the state. It can be said that it is well Xiamen to the country, especially the clear understanding of the Japanese in this country, it spawned a unique literary wells. Therefore, the system of literature well grasp of the characteristics of the concept of state, highlights, and mining the causes, is the starting point of this theory.
This paper is divided into seven chapters.
Introduction to Japan, summed up the first Chinese research summary, and on this basis, put forward the question consciousness and the research methods of this theory.
In the first chapter of wells Xiamen drama "Shanghai moon" as the center, through which the opposition system of "non national image, study well on Xiamen on national war under the system of" state "and" national ", and the" non national praise ";" Shanghai can be said to be the moon master of anti system characters of the system, these characters, both gentle and resistance system, also has a strong opposition system, use more system against the system, although they are different in character, but there is a common feature, is to have a clear understanding of the strong national system, and in thinking and actions, to keep the body distance and critical attitude system, is a real "non nationals." wells Xiamen is shaped by these vivid "non national image, to express their unique national recognition Knowledge - the state system is not completely trustworthy. Every nation should be in front of a powerful national machine, maintain an independent personality, and dare to say "no" to the system.
In the second chapter wells drama suite < Xiamen > murder as the center, inspection wells under the pen of Takiji Kobayashi this "non national" image of the emperor in the state system of revelation and criticism. In his suite - > Kobayashi as the theme, by Kobayashi of suffering memories of childhood, and his family and the police, the dialogue reflects the understanding of Lin country, the understanding of war, on the understanding of violence. Kobayashi wells under the pen, is a real warrior, "he dare to face the bleak life, dare to face dripping blood." his pen like a sharp knife, pierce the dark side the Japanese militarism of the society, his pen like a lamp, the light in the dark to poor people. His sufferings that he have on Japanese society more rational judgment and recognition ability. He opposed violence, even violence. He is justice for the weak Potential groups give humanitarian concern for the family due to his behavior implicated in depression, depressed, sad. However, his face in the power system, but the call loudly. Especially his criticism of the Mikado System in the state system, is to become the era of art. As such, the Department of work can become well on the pinnacle of Xiamen.
In the third chapter "giri giri > as the center, through which the support system of" national image ", the relationship between inspection wells of Xiamen high-speed economic growth within the system of the" state "and" citizens ", and the criticism of the" national character ". The relationship between the state and national war that is an important problem in Japanese society. How to build a national country, well through the works of < giri giri > put forward their own ideas. It works well on a variety of Xiamen significance not only lies in the description of the" ideal state ", more importantly, wells by Xiamen the drawbacks of the rapid economic growth under the system of the disclosure, and some of the system (such as some unscrupulous beneficiaries of practitioners and farmers upstart) teasing, and" brave and confident compliment giri giri "in the face of the high pressure system shown in the table. It has reached his view of the country: it is always the responsibility of the nation to criticize the unreasonable part of the current system.
In the fourth chapter "flashing sign > as the center, through a variety of tragic consequences against the state system, the core of literature embodied in the national inspection wells and the concept of the state system of revelation and criticism; wells at the end of this work through the works of the characters in the Zhutian mouth to pass such a word - earth is the miracle of the universe to the reader, mankind is a miracle of the earth. The universe, the earth, the universe and human three-in-one view, beyond the time the Japanese authorities advocated the Japanese Empire, will oppose war theme sublimation to the harmony between man and nature, human and harmonic level. This cosmic view in fact reflects the wells on the understanding of the Xiamen state: the state system should not override the human, the earth, the universe, is to destroy the earth, the destruction of human executioner, but should be the protection of the earth homes, to create a human booster miracle. But In this way, the title of the "scintillation constellation" has an important realistic meaning and significance.
In the fifth chapter, we analyze the origin and the way of expression of well Shang Xia's national view through the comprehensive analysis of the era and family experience, the creation process and so on.
On the basis of summarizing the contents of the above chapters, the final chapter makes a concluding summary of the view of the state in the literature of well on the well.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I313.06

【引证文献】