崇高与悲壮----《三国演义》与荷马史诗中英雄主义的比较

发布时间：2018-03-19 03:23

本文选题：英雄主义　切入点：崇高　　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：荷马史诗(《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》)是欧洲文学的源头,《三国演义》是中国第一部长篇章回体小说。作为世界文学史上两部伟大的经典作品,它们对后世的文化产生了深远的影响。两部巨著都描述了波澜壮阔的战争,歌颂了杰出的英雄,洋溢着豪迈的英雄主义激情,具有很强的可比性。目前针对单个作品的国别文学研究数不胜数,但是比较文学视野下对两部作品的比较审视较少。本文拟采用比较文学的平行研究方法,运用崇高和悲剧的相关美学理论,分析两部作品中英雄主义崇高表现,悲剧性审美特征及英雄主义的不同特点,并对两部作品的文化根源进行探讨。以崇高和悲剧理论对两大作品中的英雄主义进行比较研究是一个新的角度,有益拓展两部作品的研究视野。引言部分,首先对英雄及英雄主义定义进行界定,概括了比较文学视角下的相关研究动态,运用比较文学相关理论阐述了两部作品的可比性,及本论文的研究方法和研究目的及意义。正文由四章组成。第一章：梳理了西方美学史上不同历史时期具有影响力的崇高理论,总结了崇高的内涵和本质。简述了悲剧的相关理论和审美因素。第二章：分析了《三国演义》和《荷马史诗》中英雄主义崇高的表现。英雄超人的能力体现了“力学崇高”,英雄的精神则体现了精神崇高。作者所高扬的英雄主义精神彰显了共同的人性,他们伟大的精神催人奋发。英雄主义崇高的本质是人的超越精神。第三章：探讨《三国演义》和《荷马史诗》中的英雄主义的相似的悲剧性审美特征。悲剧人物面临不可调和的冲突,和命运进行顽强抗争,却以毁灭而告终。他们的悲剧精神给审美主体带来了悲壮的审美感受。第四章：分析了两部作品中英雄主义的差异,探讨其背后深层的文化根源。英雄战斗的个人动机不同,两种文化对英雄的评价标准也不同。由于不同的地理环境和文化内核的影响,《三国演义》中的英雄具有忠、义、仁的集体主义精神,而荷马史诗中的英雄则具有更强的自我意识,个人主义精神明显。结论部分总结本文,并重申了两部作品比较研究的意义。两部作品中的英雄主义都展现崇高和悲壮的特征,体现了人性不断抗争、不断超越的本质,激起审美主体奋发向上的心理感受。两部作品的英雄主义的比较,可以彰显它们共同的审美特性及各自的特性和价值,另一方面通过异质文学的互识、互鉴,可促进异质文化间的沟通和理解。中西方民族虽然所处的地域时代不同、文化传统迥异,但仍然拥有共同的人性本质及相互理解的心理基础。
[Abstract]:Homer epics (Iliad and Odyssey) are the source of European literature, and Romance of the three Kingdoms is the first Chinese novel in the long chapter, which is regarded as two great classics in the history of world literature. They have had a profound impact on the culture of later generations. Both masterpieces describe magnificent wars, extol outstanding heroes, and brim with heroic heroism. There is a strong comparability. At present, there are too many national literature studies on a single work, but there are few comparative studies on the two works from the perspective of comparative literature. This paper intends to adopt the parallel research method of comparative literature. Based on the relevant aesthetic theories of sublime and tragedy, this paper analyzes the sublime expression, tragic aesthetic characteristics and different characteristics of heroism in the two works. The comparative study of heroism in the two works is a new angle, which is helpful to expand the research field of the two works. In the foreword, the author defines the definition of hero and heroism, generalizes the relevant research trends in the perspective of comparative literature, and expounds the comparability of the two works by using the relevant theories of comparative literature. And the research method, purpose and significance of this thesis. The text consists of four chapters. Chapter one: combing the influential loftiness theories in different historical periods in the history of western aesthetics, summing up the connotation and essence of sublime, and briefly describing the relevant theories and aesthetic factors of tragedy. The second chapter analyzes the heroism sublime in Romance of the three Kingdoms and Homer Epic. The superhero's ability embodies the "mechanics sublime", the hero's spirit embodies the spirit sublime. The spirit of the doctrine reveals the common humanity, Their great spirit stimulates the development of men. The sublime essence of heroism is the spirit of transcendence. The third chapter discusses the similar tragic aesthetic characteristics of heroism in Romance of the three Kingdoms and Homer Epic. The tragic characters face irreconcilable conflicts and struggle with fate. Their tragic spirit brings tragic aesthetic feelings to the aesthetic subject. Chapter 4th: analyzes the difference of heroism in the two works and explores the deep cultural roots behind it. Because of the influence of different geographical environment and cultural core, the heroes in the Romance of the three Kingdoms have the spirit of loyalty, righteousness, benevolence and collectivism. The hero in Homer epic has stronger self-consciousness and individualism spirit. The conclusion part summarizes this article, and reiterates the significance of the comparative study of the two works. The heroism in the two works shows the characteristics of sublimity and tragicality, which embodies the essence of human nature constantly fighting and surpassing. The comparison of heroism between the two works can reveal their common aesthetic characteristics and their respective characteristics and values, on the other hand, through the mutual recognition and mutual learning of heterogeneous literature, It can promote communication and understanding between different cultures. Although the Chinese and Western nations are in different regional times and cultural traditions, they still have the common essence of human nature and the psychological basis of mutual understanding.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I106;I0-03

【参考文献】