从生态主义视角解读小说《秘密花园》

发布时间：2018-03-20 01:14

本文选题：伯内特　切入点：秘密花园　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：弗朗西斯·霍奇森·伯内特(1849-1924),英裔美国人,是19世纪末至20世纪初著名的女作家。她从18岁开始在杂志上发表故事,使其闻名于世的是她的代表作《秘密花园》,该书被誉为二十世纪最受欢迎、最具影响力的儿童文学经典之作。它作为严肃的文学作品被收入牛津《世界经典丛书》,并影响了两位诺贝尔文学奖得主T.S.艾略特和D.H.劳伦斯的写作风格。该书自1911年出版以来,引起国内外学者的广泛关注,评论家从多个角度对这部作品进行分析研究,如作品中的儿童成长教育、女性主义、概念隐喻、美学角度等。本论文从生态批评角度出发,结合鲁枢元教授的“生态三分法”,分别从“人与自然”、“人与人”、“人与自我”三个层面来解读《秘密花园》中人与自然关系的转变,探索这三种关系之间的关联性和因果性,揭示作品所蕴含的生态意义。本文首先介绍了伯内特的亲近自然性,尤其表现在她对花园的喜爱,在她的笔下,花园不仅仅是孩子的美好纯真世界、女性的独立空间,更是人们的精神伊甸园。伯内特的自然观契合了生态批评理论的核心观点：人应该如何正确对待自然。接着,本文运用生态批评理论和鲁枢元教授“生态三分法”,论述了作品中生态不和谐的三个方面：人与自然的隔阂、人与人之间的冷漠、人性的自我迷失,并由此进一步剖析造成生态不和谐的深层次原因。在此基础上,本文剖析了作品重建生态的追求,即通过回归自然、关爱他人、自我觉醒等途径,重新建立起和谐的生态家园；并揭示了该作品蕴含的生态启示,即：人们融入大自然,感受大自然带来的变化,人与人之间跨越身份的限制,学会尊重他人关爱他人,自我迷失的人们在自然和爱的感召下,通过自我意识的觉醒,克服自身的性格缺陷,最终达到身心健康。本文指出伯内特所提倡的人们重返自然的途径,实质是受爱默生的“超自然主义”的影响,流露出思想上一定的局限性。《秘密花园》不仅是一部优秀的儿童小说,更是给人们带来心灵启迪的生态小说。在生态环境破坏日益严重的今天,人类应该采取积极行动,为人类的生存和发展做出努力。
[Abstract]:Frances Hodgson Burnett, British-American, was a famous female writer from late 19th century to early 20th century. She began publishing stories in magazines at the age of 18. Her masterpiece, the Secret Garden, is known as the most popular in 20th century. The most influential classic of children's literature. It was included as a serious literary work in the Oxford World Classic Series and influenced the writing styles of two Nobel laureates T. S. Eliot and D. H. Lawrence since its publication in 1911. Scholars at home and abroad have paid close attention to this work, and critics have studied it from a variety of angles, such as child growth education, feminism, conceptual metaphor, aesthetics and so on. From the angle of ecological criticism, combined with Professor Lu Shuyuan's "ecological three-point method", this paper interprets the transformation of the relationship between man and nature from the three aspects of "man and nature", "man and man" and "man and self". This paper explores the relationship and causality of the three relationships and reveals the ecological significance of the works. This paper first introduces Burnett's closeness to nature, especially in her love of the garden. In her writings, the garden is not only a beautiful and innocent world for children, but also an independent space for women. It's also the spirit of Eden. Burnett's view of nature fits in with the core point of ecological criticism: how people should treat nature correctly. Based on the theory of ecological criticism and Professor Lu Shuyuan's "ecological three-point method", this paper discusses three aspects of ecological disharmony in his works: the estrangement between man and nature, the apathy between man and man, and the loss of human nature. On the basis of this, the author analyzes the pursuit of reconstructing ecology, that is, through returning to nature, caring for others, self-awakening and so on, the harmonious ecological home is re-established. It also reveals the ecological implications of this work, that is, people are integrated into nature, feel the changes brought about by nature, transcend the limits of identity between people, learn to respect others and care for others, and people who are lost in themselves are inspired by nature and love. Through the awakening of self-consciousness, we can overcome their own personality defects and finally achieve physical and mental health. This paper points out that the way that people return to nature, advocated by Burnett, is essentially influenced by Emerson's "hypernaturalism". Revealing certain limitations in thought. Secret Garden is not only an excellent children's novel, but also an ecological novel which brings inspiration to people. Nowadays, when the ecological environment is destroyed more and more seriously, human beings should take active actions to make efforts for the survival and development of human beings.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.078

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