从文学伦理学批评的角度分析《人性的污秽》

发布时间：2018-04-04 22:41

本文选题：文学伦理学批评　切入点：家庭伦理　出处：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：菲利普·罗斯是美国当代最著名作家之一。自1959年开始创作，他的作品获得了美国几乎所有的文学奖项，包括多次普利策奖。罗斯也在2001年被《时代》杂志评为“美国最佳小说家”。罗斯的作品中，“美国三部曲”受到了国内外学者的极大关注，，其中，最后一部作品《人性的污秽》更是一部复杂而有意义的作品。小说向读者展示了生活在美国现实社会里的各个阶层人的生存状态。这部作品也因其深度探索美国社会问题获得了福克纳小说奖，史密斯好书奖等一系列文学奖项。国内外学者对这部作品的分析主要是从美国梦、身份问题和异化主题等角度进行的，也有研究者关注其中所体现的身份及种族问题、历史政治对个人的影响，以及两代人之间的冲突等。本文试图从伦理角度，用文学伦理学批评的方法探索《人性的污秽》中体现的伦理思想，尤其是家庭伦理思想和社会伦理思想。菲利普·罗斯在这部作品中不仅创作了具有多舛命运的不同人物，也描写了很多荒诞的生活情景，目的在于让读者进行人性的思考。本文之所以从文学伦理学批评的角度解读《人性的污秽》也是基于能够让读者同时感受作品的文学与伦理价值。本文一共分为三个部分。第一部分是引言部分，简单介绍了作者菲利普·罗斯及其创作生涯，并对罗斯的文学成就加以阐述，另外着重介绍了他的《人性的污秽》，以及近年来国内外学术界对这部作品的研究与评论。罗斯的作品一直以来都备受文学评论家的关注，《人性的污秽》也不例外，引言部分就总结了众多关于这部小说的国内外研究状况，包括主题、身份问题、美国梦等方面。第二部分是本文的正文部分，共分为三章。第一章系统的介绍了本文的研究方法——文学伦理学批评，并引出了罗斯的伦理思想。文学伦理学批评主要指的是一种以文学为批评对象的研究方法或者是一种思维方法，主要研究伦理视角下的文学以及与文学有关的种种问题。罗斯的大多数作品都描写了社会的阴暗面，而在这些阴暗面背后通常暗含某些伦理思想，罗斯也想通过作品表达他对真诚平等、客观公正的社会的渴望。第二章分析了《人性的污秽》中体现的婚恋家庭伦理思想。首先，通过科尔曼、戴尔费恩以及福尼亚三个家庭中矛盾的描写，突出了家庭伦理中两代人之间的冲突问题，既有年轻一代想摆脱父母的控制，也有父母因孩子们的不理解而备受痛苦，这些冲突存在社会各个阶层的家庭中。另外，在这篇作品中不仅有科尔曼分别与三个女人之间的婚恋关系，也有福尼亚与前夫的失败婚姻，通过这些描写，罗斯谴责了婚姻中的利己主义，赞扬了纯洁的爱情。第三章分析了《人性的污秽》中体现的社会伦理思想。首先，通过科尔曼的“幽灵”事件、桃色事件以及退伍老兵莱丝战后的悲惨生活，揭示了美国当代社会的政治问题，包括政治正确性的虚伪、政治活动背后的利益驱动以及虚伪的道德观等等。其次，揭示了社会中一个重要问题——不平等，既有不同种族之间的不平等，也有不同阶级之间的不平等，并分析了人们对公平权利和公平机遇的追求。最后，通过个人与社会关系中的不和谐，揭示了美国当代社会中个人与社会关系上的伦理道德冲突，展现了社会中存在的道德污点。最后一部分是结论部分，对文学作品《人性的污秽》中体现的伦理思想加以总结，既揭露了社会的阴暗面，又展现了人性的光明面。并强调了用文学伦理学批评的方法分析这部作品的现实意义。其中的代沟、婚恋关系、政治问题、道德规范等问题在当今社会仍然给人们伦理方面的启迪。
[Abstract]:Philip Ross is one of the most famous contemporary American writers. Since his creation in 1959, his works have won almost all American literary awards, including many Pulitzer prizes. Ross was also named "the best American novelist" in 2001 by "times" magazine.
In the works of Ross, the "American Trilogy" has attracted great attention of scholars at home and abroad, the last work < human stain > is a complex and meaningful works. The novel shows the reality of social life in the United States in all sectors of the state of human existence to the readers. This works for the deep exploration of the problems in American society won the Faulkner prize for fiction, Smith took a series of literary awards. Scholars at home and abroad are mainly from the American dream analysis of this work, identity issues and alienation theme perspective, some researchers concern the identity and ethnicity, history of political influence personally, as well as between the two generations of the conflict. This paper tries to from the perspective of ethics, ethics embodied in the method of ethical literary criticism with "explore human stain", especially the family ethics and social Will Philip Ross's ethical thoughts. In this novel not only created different characters with unfortunate fate, also described many absurd scenes of life, is to let readers thinking about human nature. This paper is from the perspective of ethical literary criticism "of human filth" can make readers and feel is also based on the literature and ethics the value of the works.
This article is divided into three parts.
The first part is the introduction, briefly introduces the author Philip Ross and his writing career, and on Ross's literary achievements are introduced, this paper introduces his "human stain", and in recent years, the academic circles at home and abroad to study and review the work. Ross's work has always been a literary critic's attention, "human stain > is no exception, the introduction part summarizes many about this novel research status at home and abroad, including the theme of identity, the American dream.
The second part is the main body of this article, which is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter introduced the system of ethical literary criticism method in this paper, and introduces Ross's ethics. The ethical literary criticism mainly refers to a kind of literary criticism as the research object or method is a way of thinking, the main research ethics from the perspective of literature and problems concerning literature from most of the work. Ross describes the dark side of society, and behind these dark surface usually implies some ethical thoughts, Ross also expressed his sincere equality through the work, eager to objective and fair society.
The second chapter analyzes the marriage and family ethics reflected the thought of "human stain". First of all, through the description of Coleman, DELL Finn and faunia between three families, highlighting the conflict between family ethics in two generations, both the younger generation to get rid of the parents of the control, also have parents for not the children's understanding and pain, these conflicts of various social strata of the family. In addition, not only between Coleman and three women's love and marriage relations in this works, is also blessed with her ex husband, failed marriage, through these descriptions, Ross condemned the marriage of egoism, praised the pure love.
The third chapter analyzes the social ethics embodied in the human stain in < >. First of all, through Coleman's "ghost" event, and veterans affair Leslie postwar miserable life, reveals the political problems of contemporary American society, including the hypocrisy of political correctness, driving political activities behind the interests and the moral hypocrisy view and so on. Secondly, reveals the society -- an important issue of inequality, both between different races have different class inequality, inequality, and analysis of the pursuit of Fair Rights and fair opportunities. Finally, through the relationship between the individual and society in harmony, reveals the ethical the conflict between individual and social relations in contemporary American society, showing the social existence of moral blemish.
The last part is the conclusion, the literary works < human stain > ethics reflected are summarized, which exposes the dark side of the society, and to show the bright side of human nature. The practical significance of ethical literary criticism method of this work and stressed. The political relationship gap the problem of moral norms, and continues to inspire people ethics in modern society.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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