科技与人文：论《奇妙新世界》中“两种文化”的冲突

发布时间：2018-04-04 20:09

本文选题：奥尔德斯·赫胥黎　切入点：《奇妙的新世界》　出处：《首都师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：奥尔德斯·赫胥黎是20世纪英国著名的小说家,散文家和社会评论家。他一生共创作了50多部作品,对当时社会的伦理和宗教都有着深刻的探索和研究。纵观其写作生涯,他一直告诫人类,盲目追求技术进步,将给人类自身带来严重的威胁,甚至不可避免地会导致人类灭亡。《奇妙的新世界》是奥尔德斯·赫胥黎最重要的作品之一,作为一部反乌托邦小说,它主要讲述了过度发展科技,排斥人文传统文化,将有可能给人类带来很大的灾难。本论文主要通过分析两位主人公穆斯塔夫·蒙德和野人约翰,透过他们各自所代表的不同的价值观,来揭示科技和人文两种文化的激烈冲突所导致的悲剧。在小说中,穆斯塔夫·蒙德为了确保“世界国”秩序的稳定,防止“世界国”的国民形成独立的自我意识,采取了一系列措施来消除历史、科学、宗教、文学,剥夺人的自由和尊严。生长在印第安部落的青年野人约翰,由于遭受当地文化的排斥,借助于莎士比亚的文学作品以及自己对印第安宗教信仰的理解,完成自我教育。他对“新世界”的美好生活充满了幻想,然而当他发现周围的一切与他所接受的文学教育理念和印第安文化的宗教信仰完全不同时,便产生极端的失望。他试图用自己的力量来唤醒被科技专制集权奴役而变得麻木不仁的国民意识,恢复人性,但最后的努力以失败而告终。本文认为,正是源于以穆斯塔夫·蒙德为代表的科技文化和以野人约翰为代表的人文文化之间的冲突和分裂,导致野人约翰最终的悲剧。无论是科技还是人文,单一的文化都是有其局限性的。本文借助英国著名小说家斯诺在1959提出的“两种文化”观点,论证了小说中人文与科技的割裂,特别是无限制的科技集权专制带给人类荒诞的生存状态,以及丧失人性和尊严的悲剧。这样做的目的旨在警示人们：科技无限制发展存在着潜在隐患,希望人们重视人类传统文化的价值,只有合理的发展两种文化,才能建立一个健康、和谐、幸福、安定的人类世界。
[Abstract]:Aldous Huxley is a famous British novelist, essayist and social critic in the 20 th century.In his life, he created more than 50 works, which deeply explored and studied the ethics and religion of the society at that time.Throughout his writing career, he has always warned that the blind pursuit of technological progress will bring serious threats to human beings and even inevitably lead to the extinction of human beings.The wonderful New World is one of Aldous Huxley's most important works. As a dystopian novel, it mainly talks about the excessive development of science and technology and the rejection of human traditional culture, which may bring great disaster to mankind.Through the analysis of the two protagonists Mustaf Mond and John the savage, this thesis reveals the tragedy caused by the fierce conflict between science and technology and humanities through the different values represented by the two protagonists.In the novel, Mustaf Mond takes a series of measures to eliminate history, science, religion and literature in order to ensure the stability of the order of the "world state" and to prevent the "world nation" from forming an independent self-consciousness.Deprivation of liberty and dignity.John, a young savage who grew up in an Indian tribe, was relegated by local culture to complete his own education with the help of Shakespeare's literary works and his own understanding of Indian religious beliefs.He was full of illusions about the good life of the New World, but he was extremely disappointed when he found that everything around him was completely different from the literary education he received and the religious beliefs of the Indian culture.He tried to use his own strength to awaken the national consciousness and restore human nature which had been enslaved by the technocratic autocracy, but his final efforts ended in failure.This paper argues that it is the conflict and division between the technological culture represented by Mustaf Mond and the humanistic culture represented by the savage John that led to the ultimate tragedy of the savage John.Whether it is science and technology or humanities, a single culture has its limitations.Based on the viewpoint of "two cultures" put forward by the famous British novelist Snow in 1959, this paper demonstrates the separation of humanity and science and technology in the novel, especially the absurd living state brought by the unlimited totalitarian autocracy of science and technology.And the tragedy of loss of humanity and dignity.The purpose of this is to warn people that there are potential hidden dangers in the unlimited development of science and technology. We hope that people will attach importance to the value of traditional human culture. Only by reasonably developing the two cultures can we build a healthy, harmonious and happy society.A stable human world
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

【参考文献】