梅里美作品中的死亡观

发布时间：2018-04-15 14:16

本文选题：梅里美 + 死亡类型　；参考：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：死亡是人类生命历程中无可避免的最终环节,也是文学、哲学、美学、医学等领域的永恒主题。古今中外无数作家、哲学家、艺术家都对这一主题进行过各种形式的剖析与探讨。对死亡的认知是人类深层价值观的一种体现,也是对自身命运和生存价值的某种探究。即便经过多年岁月和时光的洗礼,在生活的速度、深度和广度都大为提升的今天,“死亡”依旧是永不过时的研读主题。法国作家梅里美也不例外,由于对社会历史进程和人类命运有着独特思考,他的多部长短篇小说都涉及到了死亡。丹麦文史学家勃兰兑斯曾说：“梅里美赋予每种感情一种凶猛热情的性格,他着意渲染残忍和冷酷,从他的艺术车间里输送出来的每一篇故事的收场都是死亡——一种猛烈的、突然的、血淋淋的终结。”1梅里美的一生充满了戏剧性,他经历了十九世纪的法国社会翻天覆地的剧变,旁观过不尽相同的人生百态,这些阅历赋予了他对生死的独特感悟,因而梅里美把他对于死亡的认知和理解都写进了他的作品中。本论文将对梅里美多篇小说中出现的“死亡”进行主题研究,以作家的原作为主要依托进行文本分析,结合研究“死亡”的相关专著,从而解读梅里美的死亡观。全文共分为三章：第一章将以死亡的成因或目的为依据,将梅里美六部中短篇小说中角色的死亡大致分为三类：关于自由的死亡(卡门之死、《塔芒戈》中的黑奴之死),关于正义的死亡(高龙巴兄妹为父报仇,马铁奥-法尔科尼手刃亲子),关于尊严的死亡(美神维纳斯处死新郎、水兵罗热为国捐躯)。第二章则着重分析梅里美小说中常见的三种死亡意象：大海、森林和黑夜。梅里美与海军的多次接触以及他本人的四处游历让他对海洋有着强烈的敬畏,而在科西嘉考察古建和文物时的所见所闻不仅触发了他的创作灵感,还让他对绵延茂密的科西嘉丛林心存畏惧。法国十九世纪层出不穷的社会运动和政治冲突则让他明白：许许多多的不幸和苦难都笼罩在黑夜之中。这些思绪都在梅里美的小说中得到了验证和体现。第三章致力于解读梅里美作品中“死亡”背后所暗含的意味,即梅里美究竟如何看待死亡。诚如黑格尔所言,“崇高是对精神的超越。”梅里美极力赞美为了追寻崇高(如自由、尊严等美好品质)而做出的牺牲。与此同时,作家又深感矛盾与困惑,尽管追随祖父的脚步在大学里学习法律,但当法律不能维护正义且与地方风俗相悖时,他选择站在传统和风俗一侧(如发生在科西嘉岛上的马铁奥杀子以及高龙巴兄妹复仇),对采取非法律手段获得的正义表示理解。此外,由于作为启蒙思想忠实信徒的母亲“对任何形式的宗教信仰都产生反感”1,从小深受家庭教育影响的梅里美并不认可基督教的死亡观。他认为死亡是人类生命的自然终结,不存在所谓的天堂或地狱,人们应当以一颗平常心来冷静地面对死亡。宗教战争和教派冲突造成的流血伤亡更让他反感,因而梅里美始终认为人道主义胜过一切宗教迷信。在文学世界里,作家的创作主题多种多样、涵盖面极广,而“死亡”这一主题的大量出现是梅里美小说的一大特点,本论文以“死亡”为切入点,结合美学、哲学和历史学的相关知识,通过对梅里美小说中出现的“死亡”进行分析研究,探寻其中的死亡类型、死亡意象及其所折射出的内在涵义,从而较为系统地解读梅里美的死亡观,以期提供一个新的视角来认识作家及其作品。
[Abstract]:Death is not the final link, can avoid the course of human life and literature, philosophy, aesthetics, the eternal theme of medicine. Many philosophers, writers at all times and in all countries, artists are on the subject of analysis and discussion of various forms. The cognition of death is a reflection of human values is also deep, some of their own destiny and survival value inquiry. Even after years of time and time of baptism, in the life of the speed, depth and breadth are greatly improved today, "death" is still a timeless theme. Studying French writer Merimee is no exception, because of the social history and the destiny of mankind has a unique thinking, his minister short stories are related to the death of Denmark. Literary historian Brandwe J once said: "meilimei give each a fierce feeling warm personality, he deliberately rendering cruel and cold Cool, delivered from his art workshop every story ending is the death of a sudden, violent, bloody end. "1 Merimee's life is full of drama, he experienced the nineteenth Century French social upheaval on the sidelines of a turn the world upside down, not the same life, these experiences give his unique understanding of life and death, so he put meilimei cognition and understanding on death are written into his works. This paper will appear more Merimee stories in" death "to the original subject, writer as the main support for text analysis, combined with the study of" related monographs death ", in order to interpret the concept of death meilimei. The full text is divided into three chapters: the first chapter will be the death cause or purpose as the basis, the role of meilimei six stories of death can be divided into three categories: On the freedom of death (the death of Carmen, Tawangge < > in the slave's death), the death of Justice (high Longba brother to avenge his father, Ma Austria - Falconi iron hand, about the dignity of the child) death (the God of Venus killed the groom, sailors died. The second chapter Roget) focuses on the analysis of three kinds of images of death common meilimei Novels: the sea, forest and night. Many contacts with the Navy and meriee traveled himself to let him have a strong fear of the ocean, and in the study of ancient relics of Corsica and not only triggered what one sees and hears his inspiration, let him in the dense jungle for fear of Corsica. In nineteenth Century the French social movement and political conflicts emerge in an endless stream, let him understand that many misfortune and suffering are shrouded in darkness. These thoughts have been in the small meilimei said Verify and reflected. Chapter third is devoted to the interpretation of the works of "death" behind meilimei implied by the means, namely how to treat meilimei death. As Hagel said, "the lofty transcendence of spirit." meilimei praise in order to pursue lofty (such as freedom, dignity and good quality) and make sacrifices. At the same time. The writer also deeply contradictions and confusion, although the following in his grandfather's footsteps to study law at the University, but when the law can not maintain justice and contrary to local customs, he chose to stand in the tradition and custom side (as occurs in the island's iron horse Scarlett Austria killed and high Longba siblings, said on revenge) understanding. Take the non legal means of justice in addition, as the enlightenment faithful mother "of any form of religious beliefs are disgusted by family education from" 1, the influence is not meilimei Recognition of the Christian concept of death. He thinks that death is the natural end of human life, there is no so-called heaven or hell, people should use common sense to calmly face death. Bloodshed and sectarian conflicts caused by the religious wars made him so disgusted, meilimei has always believed that humanitarian than any religious superstition in the literature. In the world, the writer's creation contains a variety of topics, covering a wide range, a large number of the theme of "death" is a major feature of this paper to prosper merimees novels, "death" as the starting point, combined with the knowledge of aesthetics, philosophy and history, the meilimei appeared in the novel "death" analysis and research, explore the inner meaning of death, death image and reflect, to systematically interpret Merimee's view of death in order to provide a new perspective to understand Writers and their works.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I565.074

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