解读哈代在《远离尘嚣》中的生态伦理观

发布时间：2018-04-19 12:51

本文选题：生态伦理 + 自然　；参考：《北京林业大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：托马斯·哈代,英国19世纪后期的一位杰出的小说家和诗人,在中西方都广为人知,影响深远。作为一位跨世纪的文学巨匠,他不朽的艺术感染力一直吸引着众多的研究者,可以说哈代已成为文学界重要的研究对象。他于1874年发表的长篇小说《远离尘嚣》以卓越的乡村自然风光描写和鲜明生动的人物形象获得了评论界和读者的一致好评,奠定了哈代小说家的地位。近年来,随着生态文学的兴起,国内外学者开始运用生态主义对哈代的作品进行解读。在根据前期学者对该小说文本做出的相关生态主义解析及各方学者对哈代生态伦理思想分析的基础上,本文尝试探索哈代在《远离尘嚣》这部作品中体现的复杂的生态伦理思想,即通过分析小说中出现的自然景象,动物场景及人物性格命运的描写分析哈代的生态伦理思想的复杂性,指出哈代在描写自然景物的过程中,有意或无意地体现了他重视自然的经济价值,主张开拓自然,利用自然的思想；而在对待动物的态度上,体现了他将动物的价值大小与其对人类提供的经济价值的多少相对应,忽视了动物感受,将人作为利益的中心,具有明显的人类中心主义观点。但同时哈代在小说中刻画的自然、动物与人物又体现了他热爱自然,关爱动物的思想感情。此外,他批判现代资本主义文明,提倡人类与自然和谐共生,这又充分体现了他非人类中心主义的一面。因此哈代的生态伦理思想不仅包含人类中心主义也同时包含非人类中心主义,两者是交叠与共存的关系。虽然哈代的生态伦理观依旧带有人类中心主义特征,但他主张人与自然和谐共处,关爱动物的生态伦理思想具有超出其所处时代的局限性,他的生态伦理思想有助于当今时代下人类对入与自然之间的关系做出重新审视。
[Abstract]:Thomas Hardy, an outstanding novelist and poet in the late 19th century, is well known and influential in both China and the West.As a cross-century literary mastermind, his immortal artistic appeal has attracted many researchers, so Hardy has become an important research object in the literary world.His novel, far from the crowd, published in 1874, was highly praised by critics and readers for its remarkable description of rural natural scenery and vivid characters, and established the position of Hardy novelist.In recent years, with the rise of ecological literature, scholars at home and abroad began to use ecologism to interpret Hardy's works.On the basis of the previous scholars' analysis of the text of the novel and the scholars' analysis of Hardy's ecological ethics,This paper attempts to explore Hardy's complex ecological ethics thought embodied in "far from the crowd", that is, through the analysis of the natural scene in the novel.Analysis on the complexity of Hardy's Ecological Ethical thought, it is pointed out that Hardy consciously or unintentionally embodies the economic value of nature and advocates the development of nature in the process of describing natural scenery.Using the idea of nature; and in his attitude to animals, he corresponds the value of animals to the amount of economic value he provides to mankind, neglecting animal feelings, and taking man as the center of interest,Has a clear anthropocentrism view.But at the same time, Hardy portrays the nature, animals and characters in the novel reflects his love of nature, caring for animals.In addition, he criticized modern capitalist civilization and advocated harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature, which fully reflected his non-anthropocentrism.Therefore, Hardy's ecological ethics includes not only anthropocentrism but also non-anthropocentrism.Although Hardy's ecological ethics still has the characteristics of anthropocentrism, he advocates the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, and his ecological ethics of caring for animals has limitations beyond his time.His thought of ecological ethics is helpful to reexamine the relationship between nature and human being in the present age.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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