哈金《等待》中的东方主义建构

发布时间：2018-04-20 08:02

本文选题：哈金 + 《等待》　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《等待》是哈金创作生涯的第二部长篇小说,也是他的代表作之一。本书在1999年获得了美国国家图书奖,也为哈金带来了巨大的声誉。作为美国少数族裔的一员,哈金用自己的英语写作赢得了主流读者的青睐和文学界的关注,但与此同时在中国学术界也引起了不少争议。本篇论文通过文本分析,试图揭示哈金作品中的东方主义建构。这种建构揭示了哈金写作的真实目的,那就是迎合西方对东方刻板形象的建构。哈金的写作与西方对东方的习惯思维是一致的,这也就是他的作品为什么会呈现出东方主义色彩的根源。全文共分为六章。第一章主要介绍了哈金的个人生平,他在美国文学界的地位以及《等待》故事情节和国内外文献综述。第二章介绍了东方主义理论,主要涉及理论渊源,东方主义内容阐释和东方主义现状以及华裔文学中的东方主义呈现：一是对“他者”男性的“阉割“；二是对中华文化的“贩卖”、贬损和歪曲。第三章,主要分析文本中“孔林形象的‘他者’东方主义建构”。对“他者”的东方主义建构主要从三方面展开：女性化的“他者”,边缘化的“他者”以及阉割了的“他者”。“他者”的东方主义建构确立了西方与东方在性别与权力,种族与权力方面的不对等关系。第四章分析了哈金在主流文化中对中国女性形象的东方主义建构,主要表现在女主人公淑玉那双不合时代的“三寸金莲”。哈金对小脚的数次描写,也同样揭示了哈金通过迎合西方主流读者对东方异域风情的想象使自己为主流文化所接受。第五章分析了哈金对中国东方主义色彩的一种建构。这种建构主要体现在两个方面：一是共产主义体制下社会主义中国的图景；二是西方知识体系下的传统中国。这两方面均展示了哈金《等待》中西方对东方(社会主义中国)的意识形态偏见。基于以上分析,本论文说明哈金在美国文学界所获成功并非偶然。对于哈金作品的接受,我们必须持辩证态度,既要看到哈金作为知识分子主动介入社会,揭示社会阴暗的积极一面,但也不能忽视作者因其流散身份所处的文化语境有意诋毁中国文化的消极态度。我们应该抱着“取其精华去其糟粕”态度对文学作品进行消化吸收。
[Abstract]:Waiting is the second novel in Harkin's writing career and one of his masterpieces. The book won the National Book Award in 1999, and also earned Harkin a huge reputation. As a member of ethnic minorities in the United States, Harkin has won the attention of mainstream readers and literary circles with his English writing, but at the same time, it has aroused a lot of controversy in Chinese academic circles. Through text analysis, this thesis tries to reveal the orientalism construction in Harkin's works. This kind of construction reveals the real purpose of Harkin's writing, that is, catering to the construction of the western stereotyped image of the East. Harkin's writing is consistent with the western habit of thinking about the East, which is why his works take on orientalism. The full text is divided into six chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces Harkin's personal life, his position in American literary circles, the story plot of waiting and the literature review at home and abroad. The second chapter introduces the orientalism theory, mainly involves the orientalism theory origin, the orientalism content explanation and the orientalism present situation as well as the orientalism in the Chinese Chinese literature: first, the "castration" to the "other" male; Second, the "trafficking" of Chinese culture is derogatory and distorted. The third chapter mainly analyzes the orientalism construction of Kong Lin's image. The construction of Orientalism is mainly from three aspects: the feminized "other", the marginalized "other" and the castrated "other". The Orientalism of the other establishes the unequal relationship between the West and the East in terms of gender and power, race and power. The fourth chapter analyzes the oriental construction of Hajin's image of Chinese women in mainstream culture, which is mainly manifested in the female protagonist Shuyu's anachronistic "three inch golden lotus". Harkin's depiction of small feet also reveals that Harkin has made himself accepted by mainstream culture by pandering to the Western mainstream readers' imagination of oriental exotic customs. Chapter five analyzes a kind of construction of Chinese orientalism by Harkin. This construction is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the prospect of socialist China under the communist system; secondly, the traditional China under the western knowledge system. Both show Harkin's ideological bias against the East (Socialist China). Based on the above analysis, this thesis shows that Harkin's success in American literature is not accidental. We must take a dialectical attitude towards the acceptance of Harkin's works. We should not only see that Harkin, as an intellectual, has actively intervened in society and revealed the dark and positive side of society. However, the author's negative attitude of slandering Chinese culture can not be ignored because of his cultural context. We should digest and absorb literary works with the attitude of "take its essence away from its dross".
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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