《苏菲的选择》的叙事艺术分析

发布时间：2018-05-01 11:16

本文选题：叙事 + 不可靠叙事　；参考：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：小说是一门叙事的艺术，作者通过叙事讲述历史，批判现实，展望未来，并表达情感。二十世纪的后现代小说一反传统的叙事模式，为小说叙事增添了丰富多彩的艺术特质。美国作家威廉·斯泰隆的经典力作《苏菲的选择》正是一部在叙事上独具一格的文学作品。它催生于二战后种族问题和犹太文学盛极一时的美国，讲述了大屠杀受难者也是幸存者——波兰女子苏菲在二战三个发展阶段，即战前，战时与战后的非常经历，故事同时也是叙述者斯丁戈对大屠杀的认识和自我情感的成长历程。从国内外研究状况来看，虽然对小说的叙事策略的研究已经达到了较为丰富的程度，但是，其中大多是选取叙事中的某些元素，如叙事视角、叙事时间、叙事声音等进行一般性的研究，而较少论及具有斯泰伦个人典型特色的叙事艺术。本文以叙事学为理论为依据，从不可靠叙事、叙事的延宕和压制和时空交错叙事三方面，，探讨这位美国南方作家与众不同的叙事特色，以及这些特色怎样构建了大屠杀的历史和虚构的现实，并分析其所传达出的深刻的历史和现实意义。全文共分为五部分。引言部分归纳并肯定了斯泰隆的文学成就与地位，概括介绍了《苏菲的选择》及国内外研究现状，指出本文的研究意义在于通过梳理《苏菲的选择》中的叙事特色，对小说进行叙事解读。本文的第一章对小说的不可靠叙事进行了深入剖析。主要体现在三个方面，其一为不可靠叙事者。文章首先讨论了在第一人称叙事视角下，大屠杀的不可靠性。其次，通过分析小说中隐含作者的化身——斯丁戈这一较可靠叙事者，与不可靠叙事者苏菲构成对比，揭示她的不可靠性。其二为文本话语的不可靠性。通过詹姆斯·费伦的不可靠叙事理论，将不可靠文本分作三类进行探讨，分别是事实/事件轴上的“错误报道”和“不充分报道”，价值/判断轴上的“错误判断”和“不充分判断”，和知识感/知轴上的“错误解读”和“不充分解读”（申丹，2006）。所有这些因素都给这部小说的叙事带来了不可靠性，然而，不可靠叙事的背后是作者的良苦用心。文章接下来便对不可靠叙事的修辞意义和隐喻意义做出分析，认为通过不可靠叙事，小说不再停留在大屠杀客观描述的表面，而是带给读者更多伦理上的思考。第二章分析了叙事的延宕和压制。小说叙事者斯丁戈按照自己的思维过程向读者转述苏菲曾经对他讲的故事或以苏菲的第一人称视角直接叙述大屠杀的历史，其中很多信息在讲述过程中由于个人思维习惯和思想限制，以及突发事件的插入而被打断，因而造成了信息的延宕甚至是永久地压制。本文通过对信息的延宕和压制在理论上和小说中的体现上的分析，指出其在人物塑造、叙事节奏和深化主题等方面的叙事效果。第三章讨论了时空交错的叙事特色。小说挣脱了历史表征危机的束缚，将历史融于虚构之中，通过不同可然世界中的虚构人物使历史与虚构的现实的时空相交错，架起了历史与虚构、历史与现实之间的桥梁。本文通过对小说中历史与虚构的时空交错，挖掘了作者之所以为读者呈现一个虚虚实实的历史虚构的目的所在。结论部分对以上三点艺术特色进行总结，并指出斯泰隆通过不可靠叙事、信息的延宕和压制以及时空交错叙事为人们呈现了一个悬念迭起、触动人心的大屠杀的历史和一段美国的现世生活，其虚构表征的现实意义已远远超越了对历史的刻画或对种族主义和人性的批判，而更多的在于引导读者以理性的态度认识历史、接受历史，转换角度来考量大屠杀的历史，揭示其本质。同时与当代美国种族主义做对照，这对于客观地揭示这一现象的实质，使人们摆脱偏见或仇视，用正确的姿态面对现实的社会构成和人与人之间的关系，创造民主和谐的世界和社会秩序，都具有积极的现实意义。
[Abstract]:The novel is a narrative art , by narrating history , criticizing reality , looking into the future , and expressing emotions . The classic works of American writer William Stallon is a literary work that is unique in the narrative .

From the domestic and foreign research situation , although the study of the narrative strategy of the novel has reached a more abundant degree , most of these are selected elements in the narrative , such as the narrative perspective , the narrative time , the narrative voice and so on , and less on the narrative art with the typical characteristics of the Sternum individual . This article takes narratology as the basis , discusses the narrative characteristics of the American Southern writer , and how these features constructed the historical and fictitious reality of the Holocaust and analyzes the profound historical and practical significance .

The thesis is divided into five parts . The introduction part induces and affirms the literary achievements and status of Stung - long , and summarizes the research situation of the choice of the novel and the research situation at home and abroad , and points out that the research significance of this paper lies in the narrative interpretation of the novel by combing the narrative characteristics in the choice of the Sophie .

In the first chapter , the author makes an in - depth analysis of the non - reliable narrative of the novel , which is mainly embodied in three aspects , one is an unreliable narration . The article first discusses the unreliability of the Holocaust in the first person ' s narrative perspective . Secondly , through the analysis of the author ' s non - reliable narrative theory , it reveals her inreliability . All these factors make the narrative of the novel unreliability , however , behind the unreliable narration is the author ' s conscience . The article next analyzes the rhetoric meaning and the metaphor meaning of the unreliable narration , and argues that the novel no longer stays on the surface of the objective description of the Holocaust , but brings more ethical thinking to the reader .

The second chapter analyzes the delay and the suppression of the narrative . The narrative of the novel writes the story of the Holocaust to the reader according to his own thinking process or directly describes the history of the Holocaust in the first person ' s view of Sophie . Many of the information is interrupted by the personal thinking habits and the thought restriction and the insertion of the emergency . The author points out its narrative effect in the aspects of character shaping , narration rhythm and deepening theme .

The third chapter discusses the narrative characteristics of space - time interleaving . The novel breaks down the bondage of historical characterization crisis , combines history into fiction , and makes history and fictitious reality space - time staggered through the fictional characters in the different world . The paper tries to find out the purpose of the author to present a virtual reality for the reader by interleaving the historical and fictitious space and time in the novel .

The conclusion part sums up the above three points of art , and points out that Stallon ' s history of history and humanity is far beyond the history of history and human nature . It is more important to guide the reader to understand history , accept history and change the history of the Holocaust and reveal its essence . At the same time , it has a positive realistic meaning to reveal the essence of this phenomenon , to make people get rid of prejudice or hatred , to use the correct attitude to face the social constitution of reality and the relationship between man and man , to create a harmonious world and social order .

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】