论欧茨短篇小说中的“心理现实主义”

发布时间：2018-05-01 10:21

本文选题：心理现实主义 + 短篇小说　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为当代美国文坛举足轻重的作家之一，乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨获得的殊荣难以胜计：6次入围美国国家图书奖、3次普利策奖提名、29次欧·亨利短篇小说奖、福克纳奖、菲茨杰拉德文学奖终生成就奖……她在1963年出版了自己的第一部短篇小说集，之后几十年来笔耕不辍，共有作品集159部，囊括小说、诗歌、散文、剧本、书评、传记、文艺理论等多个领域，体裁包罗万象、风格不一而足。当然，她最引人瞩目的成就仍然首推小说。半个世纪来，欧茨频繁出现在美国各大重要文学奖项，对欧茨小说的研究，将对我们把握美国当代文学的审美取向有着重要的参考价值。从《外国文学动态》和《外国文学研究》提出“心理现实主义作家”这种说法以来，“心理现实主义”就成为国内媒体和译介评价欧茨时经常提到的一个关键词，但对于究竟什么是“心理现实主义”，欧茨的作品又是怎样体现出“心理现实主义”特征的这一命题，目前通行的论述却较为混乱，甚至存在互相矛盾之处。本文正是将心理现实主义这一要素作为全文的切入点和中心论题，对“心理现实主义”这一概念进行梳理；以欧茨最擅长的短篇小说为研究对象，选取不同时期的三篇作品作为范例；结合文本分析，剖析心理现实主义在欧茨作品中的具体体现，还原欧茨小说所指向的美国社会乃至整个人类的精神世界，说明“心理现实”是欧茨小说创作的灵魂所在。本文在结构上共分四个章节。第一章是对当前欧茨小说研究的综述和概括，以及“欧茨短篇小说中的‘心理现实主义’”这一选题之研究意义。第二章分为三节，第一节对心理现实主义的概念进行梳理和阐述，略去这一概念在心理学上的应用，仅用其来涵括文学创作中的审美和价值取向。第二节简要介绍心理现实主义的发展历程，第三节分析了心理现实主义小说和意识流小说的异同。第三章为论文的核心部分，以欧茨早期、转型期、近期的三篇短篇小说为例，，结合文本细读和文本分析以及纵向、横向的比较，来论证欧茨对心理现实主义小说的继承、贡献与突破。第四章是对欧茨作品中心理现实主义的探究，联系欧茨个人经历探讨她的艺术创作根源，归纳欧茨短篇小说中心理现实主义的总体风貌；总结其文学成就和评价。随着人类社会的发展和心理学的普及，文学审美诉求也发生了极大变化，形式突破和技巧创新成为当代小说家不约而同的追求，欧茨在人物心理刻画领域的高超技巧，无疑具有重要的参考意义。最后的结语部分，是对前文的总结和升华。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important writers in the contemporary American literary world, Joyce Carol Oates won the honor of winning six times in the National Book Award and three Pulitzer Prize nominations, including 29 European Henry short story awards, and Faulkner Prize. The Fitzgerald Literature Award for Life Achievement. She published her first collection of short stories in 1963, and over the next few decades, she wrote 159 books, including novels, poems, essays, screenplays, book reviews, biographies, literary theories, and so on. There are many styles. Of course, her most remarkable achievement is still the first novel. In the past half century, Oates has frequently appeared in various major literary awards in the United States. The study of Oates' novels will have important reference value for us to grasp the aesthetic orientation of contemporary American literature. Since "the dynamic of Foreign Literature" and "the study of Foreign Literature" put forward the term "psychological realism writer", "psychological realism" has become a key word often mentioned in the domestic media and in the translation and evaluation of Oates. However, as to what is "psychological realism" and how does Oates' works embody the characteristic of "psychological realism", the current popular discourse is rather confused and even contradictory. This article takes the psychological realism as the starting point and the central topic of the thesis, and combs the concept of "psychological realism", taking the short stories which Oates excels at best as the research object. Taking three works of different periods as examples, combining with text analysis, this paper analyzes the concrete embodiment of psychological realism in Oates' works, and restores the spiritual world of American society and even the whole human being that Oates's novels point to. It shows that psychological reality is the soul of Oates' novel creation. The structure of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the summary and summary of the current research on Oates' novels, and the significance of the research on the topic of 'psychological realism' in Oates' short stories. The second chapter is divided into three sections. The first section combs and expounds the concept of psychological realism, omits the application of this concept in psychology, and only uses it to include the aesthetic and value orientation in literary creation. The second section briefly introduces the development of psychological realism, the third section analyzes the similarities and differences between psychological realism novels and stream of consciousness novels. The third chapter is the core part of the thesis, taking the early period of Oates, the transition period and the recent three short stories as examples, combining text reading and text analysis, as well as vertical and horizontal comparison, to demonstrate Oates' inheritance of psychological realism novels. Contribution and breakthrough The fourth chapter is to explore the psychological realism in Oates' works, to discuss the root of her artistic creation, to sum up the general style of psychological realism in Oates's short stories, and to sum up her literary achievements and evaluation. With the development of human society and the popularization of psychology, the aesthetic appeal of literature has also changed greatly. The breakthrough of form and the innovation of techniques have become the same pursuit of contemporary novelists. Undoubtedly has the important reference significance. The last part of the conclusion is the summary and sublimation of the preceding text.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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