话语与抵抗—《进步前哨》的后殖民解读

发布时间：2018-05-02 14:47

本文选题：《进步前哨》 + 反讽　；参考：《广西大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《进步前哨》是著名的英国小说家约瑟夫·康拉德的代表作之一。自从它面世以来,这部小说以其独特的环境描写,细腻的人物心理刻画,以及象征意象的运用吸引了众多文学评论家的关注。小说的故事背景是19世纪,那个时代正是殖民主义盛行的时期。因而许多学者认为康拉德的作品反映了他的殖民主义思想。其实,《进步前哨》恰恰表现了康拉德的反殖民思想。康拉德曾是一名水手,去过世界上很多地方。因而小说中所描述的非洲地区的风土人情都是根据他的亲身经历来写的。他憎恶殖民者的残酷暴行,同情黑人们的悲惨生活。但是当时特有的时代背景使得他的这种思想不被大众所接受。因此,他将他的反殖民思想暗含在小说里。这就需要读者进一步地去挖掘文本的深刻含义。首先,这本小说的题目,结尾以及人物的刻画都暗含了作者对虚伪的殖民主义活动的极大嘲讽。再者,小说主人公的社会地位决定了他们的话语权。女性和当地的黑人土著生活在社会的边缘,所以他们没有话语权。两个白人拥有一些特权,但他们在贸易站的地位仍然次于马可拉。所以,他们在贸易站的黑人奴隶面前耀武扬威,却不敢和马可拉大声争执。另外,根据福柯的观点,有权利关系的地方,就必然存在一定的反抗。因此,在这本小说里,不同的人物都用他们各自的方式来抵抗殖民主义。高必拉采用沉默来反抗,马可拉则运用他的智慧精心地布置他的抵抗策略,并最终实现了他的目标。最后,非洲大陆上的这个贸易站可以看作是一个“第三空间”。它为来自不同种族的人们提供一个短暂的场所,但同时也演变成抵抗殖民主义的有力武器。本文拟从反讽,福柯的“权利与话语”理论,霍米巴巴的“杂糅”和“模仿”的反抗策略以及“第三空间”的构建来分析《进步前哨》。它揭露了殖民者对殖民地人民的压迫,描述了殖民地人民处于从属地位的悲惨命运并提出反抗帝国主义和殖民主义的策略,从而形象地展现了康拉德的反殖民思想。在某种程度上,这篇论文丰富了《进步前哨》的研究视角,为结构西方国家的霸权话语以及构建和谐的国际环境做出了努力。
[Abstract]:The Outpost of Progress is one of the masterpieces of Joseph Conrad, a famous British novelist. Since its publication, the novel has attracted the attention of many literary critics for its unique environmental description, delicate psychological portrayal of characters and the use of symbolic images. The novel is set in the 19 th century, when colonialism prevailed. Therefore, many scholars think that Conrad's works reflect his colonial thought. As a matter of fact, the Outpost of Progress is precisely an expression of Conrad's anti-colonial thought. Conrad was a sailor and had been to many parts of the world. Therefore, the African region described in the novel is based on his own experience. He abhors the cruel atrocities of the colonists and sympathizes with the miserable life of the black people. But his unique background of the times made his idea unacceptable to the public. Therefore, he implied his anti-colonial thoughts in his novels. This requires the reader to further explore the profound meaning of the text. First, the title, the ending, and the portrayal of the novel implicate the author's great cynicism about hypocritical colonialism. Moreover, the social status of the protagonists determines their right to speak. Women and local black natives live on the fringes of society, so they have no voice. The two whites had some privileges, but their status at the trading post was still inferior to Markola. So they bragged in front of the black slaves at the trading post, but dared not argue loudly with Macora. In addition, according to Foucault's view, where there is a power relationship, there must be resistance. Therefore, in this novel, different characters use their own ways to resist colonialism. Gopilla uses silence to resist, and Macora uses his wisdom to craft his resistance strategy and ultimately achieve his goal. Finally, this trading station on the African continent can be seen as a "third space". It provided a temporary place for people of all races, but it also developed into a powerful weapon against colonialism. This paper attempts to analyze Progress Outpost from irony, Foucault's Theory of right and discourse, HomiBaba's "hybridity" and "imitation" resistance strategy, and the construction of "the third Space". It exposes the oppression of the colonists on the colonial people, describes the tragic fate of the colonial people in a subordinate position and puts forward strategies to resist imperialism and colonialism, thus showing Conrad's anti-colonial thought vividly. To some extent, this paper enriches the perspective of Progress Outpost and makes great efforts to construct the hegemonic discourse of the western countries and to build a harmonious international environment.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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