《三个女人》中三位女主人公自我和他者之间的困境

发布时间：2018-05-02 17:07

本文选题：《三个女人》 + 困境　；参考：《中南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：格特鲁德·斯泰因(Gertrude Stein,1874-1946)是二十世纪美国最具影响力的旅法作家和诗人之一,其作品在美国文学史中历来以艰深晦涩而著称。身为同性恋的她,用文字挑战父权文化,她对传统、父权文化的反叛和挑战在其作品《三个女人》(Three Lives,1909)中得到了诠释。《三个女人》是斯泰因早期的重要作品之一,小说彰显了作者文学创作的独特思想和变革意识。该书由三个独立的故事《好安娜》、《梅兰克莎》和《温柔的莉娜》组成,分别描写美国工人阶级三位普通女性在贫穷、种族歧视、性别歧视等多重压力下卑微而又无望的悲剧人生。引言部分主要介绍斯泰纳因的基本情况,以及《三个女人》的基本内容,并对国内外学术界关于斯泰因及其作品,尤其是对《三个女人》的研究状况进行了综述,提出本论文研究的出发点、研究意义和研究目的。第一章主要分析小说中三位女主人公因为性取向不同而在自我和他者之间所处的困境。《好安娜》的主人公安娜是个同性恋者,由于不能公开承认自己的性取向,安娜只好通过努力工作来压抑自己的对性的欲望。《梅兰克莎》主人公梅兰克莎是个双性恋者,她与两任男友的爱情没有结果,她与两位女性朋友的爱情不欢而散。而《温柔的莉娜》中的莉娜也喜欢和女孩子们在一起的时光,且由于丈夫是个同性恋者,婚姻成为了她的坟墓。第二章主要分析三位女主人公在父权社会里,由于自身的社会性,在自我和他者之间的困境。作为他者,三位女主人公无法摆脱父权文化的影响。安娜承受着来自阶级和性别的双重压迫,她时刻牢记自己的身份,努力工作,尤其是为男性主人工作时,她更是尽心尽力。梅兰克莎奋起反抗社会的不公平,追求真正的经历,由于不谙游戏规则,又势力单薄,她的反抗只是徒劳。莉娜没有话语权,她自己的命运都被牢牢地掌握在别人的手中。第三章主要分析《三个女人》的三位女主人公在与他者身份对抗中,自我所处的困境。对于她的雇主来说,安娜永远都是一个赤胆忠心的好仆人。梅兰克莎过强的自我意识使她彻底暴露在他人面前,成为众矢之的。对于生活没有任何期待和欲望致使莉娜过于顺从,没有任何反抗意识。由于没有自我保护的意识,死亡成为三位女性脱离父权社会的唯一结果。结论部分总结了论文的主要内容和观点,指出三位女性的生活悲剧主要源于父权文化下自我保护意识的缺失。斯泰因采用独特新颖的创作技巧,刻画出生活在社会底层普通女性的悲惨命运,揭示了她们悲剧人生的原因。论文的研究将有助于读者对《三个女人》的理解和欣赏。
[Abstract]:Gertrude Steinn (1874-1946) is one of the most influential American writers and poets in France in the 20th century. His works have long been known as hard and obscure in the history of American literature. As a homosexual, she challenges patriarchal culture with words. Her rebellion and challenge to traditional and patriarchal culture is interpreted in her work three lives 1909. Three Women is one of Stein's early important works. Composed of three separate stories, "good An Na", "Melanquza" and "gentle Lena", the book depicts three ordinary women of the American working class in poverty and racial discrimination. The tragic life of inferiority and hopelessness under the pressure of sex discrimination and so on. The introduction mainly introduces the basic situation of Steinain and the basic contents of "three Women", and summarizes the research situation of Stein and his works, especially the "three Women" in academic circles at home and abroad. The starting point, significance and purpose of this paper are put forward. The first chapter mainly analyzes the plight of the three heroines in the novel because of their different sexual orientation. The protagonist of "good An Na" is a homosexual, because she can't openly admit her sexual orientation. An Na had to work hard to suppress her desire for sex. Melancoza, the heroine, was bisexual. Her love with her two boyfriends was fruitless, and her love with her two female friends broke up. Lena in the gentle Lena also likes to spend time with girls, and because her husband is gay, marriage became her grave. The second chapter mainly analyzes the plight of the three heroines in the patriarchal society because of their own sociality. As others, the three heroines cannot escape the influence of patriarchal culture. An Na suffers from the double oppression of class and gender. She always remembers her identity and works hard, especially for male masters. Melanquza rose up against the injustice of society and sought true experience in vain because of her unfamiliarity with the rules of the game and her feebleness of power. Lena had no voice, and her own destiny was firmly in the hands of others. The third chapter analyzes the plight of the three heroines in the confrontation with the identity of the other. To her employer, An Na will always be a loyal servant. Melanquza's strong self-consciousness made her completely exposed to others. There was no expectation or desire for life that led Lena to be too submissive and without any sense of resistance. Without self-protection, death became the only result of three women's separation from patriarchal society. The conclusion part summarizes the main contents and viewpoints of the thesis, and points out that the life tragedy of the three women is mainly due to the lack of self-protection consciousness under the patriarchal culture. Stein adopts unique and novel creative techniques to portray the tragic fate of ordinary women living at the bottom of society and to reveal the causes of their tragic lives. The study of the paper will help readers to understand and appreciate the three Women.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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