中国神话与“两希”神话比较

发布时间：2018-05-12 16:22

本文选题：中国与“两希”神话 + 比较　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“两希”和中国神话从古至今以其经久不衰的精神魅力吸引着学者们不断对其进行探索。作为文化形态的重要组成部分，神话反映了人类从古至今的世界观、人生观和价值观，本论文从创世神话、造人神话、洪水神话、星宿神话、惩罚神话五大类型出发，对中国神话和“两希”神话进行较为详实的分析，探索中西人民在心理结构和思维模式上的差异，进而发掘中西神话中的思想意蕴，及各民族的民族性。本论文主要分为五个部分：一、在创世神话中我们认识到，希伯来早期人民相信上帝是世界的造物主，他们认为信仰要专一，希伯来人民的审美是在对超验世界的追求中实现的；希腊早期人民具有强烈的自我意识，他们将感性与理性兼收并蓄，希腊早期人民的审美建立在对自由、情感以及种种美好事物的追求的基础之上；中国早期人民眼中的创世神具有伟人的品格，中国早期人民的审美建立在责任的基础上。二、通过分析造人神话，我们认识到，希伯来早期人民的内心是胆怯而谦卑的，他们认为上帝所在的天堂是永久的安息之所，这也是他们的审美追求；希腊早期人民较早地对人性等相关形而上问题进行逻辑性的思考，这也是他们审美的独特之处；等级制与家庭制在中国早期人民心中占有举足轻重的位置，这两者也对中国早期人民繁衍后代产生了很大影响。三、通过洪水神话，我们认识到，希伯来早期人民推崇人性善、敬畏上帝，他们的审美不仅追崇精神的形而上，而且对美好事物也独具慧眼；希腊早期人民虽然敬畏天神但却保持了内心强大的生命活力，他们富有积极的生活态度及审美追求；中国的洪水神话反映出中国早期人民强烈的责任意识，以及他们在责任、谦卑等方面的审美。四、在星宿神话中，我们认识到希伯来早期人民的审美追求不仅存在于超验世界，他们也要在世间拥有幸福，感受到心灵的慰藉；希腊星宿神话体现了希腊早期人民自信、无畏的精神以及他们对善良、忠诚、奉献等人类所具有的美好品格的赞誉与审美追求；中国早期人民具有细腻的内心世界，注重身体发肤对自然界细微变化的感悟，达到物我同一是中国早期人民的审美追求。五、在惩罚神话中，我们认识到，对于希伯来早期人民而言，，不执着于所有之物，听天由命、淡薄人生是他们的生活态度和审美追求；希腊早期人民认为血脉亲情不可磨灭，此外，在审美方面，他们对人非凡的毅力与耐力具有独特的追求；从中国的惩罚神话中我们可见中国早期人民的伦理观：万事听从权威者的裁决，安守本分做人、做事，进而成为一个好的国民，从中我们可以看出中国早期人民中规中矩、中庸的审美追求。
[Abstract]:From ancient times to now, the spirit charm of "two hopes" and Chinese mythology has attracted scholars to explore it. As an important part of the cultural form, mythology reflects the world outlook, outlook on life and values of mankind from ancient to present. This paper starts from five types: creation myth, flood myth, star myth, punishment myth. This paper makes a detailed analysis of Chinese mythology and "two rarity" mythology, explores the differences between Chinese and western people in psychological structure and thinking mode, and then explores the ideological implication of Chinese and Western mythology, as well as the national characteristics of all nationalities. This paper is divided into five parts: first, in the myth of creation, we realize that the early Hebrew people believed that God was the Creator of the world, and they believed that faith should be single-minded. The aesthetic of the Hebrew people was realized in the pursuit of transcendental world; the early Greek people had a strong sense of self, they absorbed sensibility and reason, and the aesthetics of the early Greek people was based on freedom, On the basis of emotion and the pursuit of all kinds of beautiful things, the creation gods in the eyes of the early Chinese people have the character of great men, and the aesthetic appreciation of the early Chinese people is based on responsibility. Second, through the analysis of the myth of human beings, we realize that the heart of the early Hebrew people was timid and humble, and they thought that God's heaven was a permanent resting place, which was also their aesthetic pursuit; The early Greek people gave logical thought to the related metaphysical problems such as human nature, which is also their unique aesthetic; hierarchy and family system played an important role in the hearts of the early Chinese people. These two also had a great impact on the early generations of Chinese people. Third, through the flood myth, we realize that in the early Hebrew people respected humanity and feared God, their aesthetics not only pursued the metaphysics of the spirit, but also had a unique view of the beautiful things. Although the early Greek people feared the gods, but they maintained a strong inner vitality, they have a positive attitude to life and aesthetic pursuit; China's flood myth reflects the early Chinese people's strong sense of responsibility, and they are responsible, The aesthetic of humility, etc. Fourth, in the mythology of the stars, we realize that the aesthetic pursuit of the early Hebrew people not only existed in the transcendental world, but that they should also have happiness in the world and feel the solace of the soul; the Greek mythology of the stars reflected the confidence of the early Greek people. Fearless spirit and their praise and aesthetic pursuit for the good character of human beings, such as kindness, loyalty, dedication, etc. The early Chinese people had a delicate inner world and paid attention to the understanding of the subtle changes in nature by the body and skin. To achieve the same thing is the aesthetic pursuit of the early Chinese people. Fifthly, in the punishment myth, we realize that for the early Hebrew people, they did not cling to all things, resigned themselves to fate, and that life was their attitude and aesthetic pursuit; the early Greek people believed that the kinship of blood was indelible. In addition, in the aesthetic aspect, they have a unique pursuit of people's extraordinary perseverance and endurance. From China's punishment myth, we can see that the early Chinese people's ethical outlook: everything obeys the ruling of the authorities, obeys their duty to be a man, and works. Then become a good national, from which we can see that the early Chinese people, the aesthetic pursuit of mediocrity and moderation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I106.7-03

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