洛特曼诗歌文本分析的符号学研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 08:56

本文选题：洛特曼 + 诗歌文本分析　；参考：《南京师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：诗歌一向被视为一种难以用语言描述的、非逻辑的、模糊的甚至是矛盾的人类情感和经验的表达。国内外学界对诗歌本质所进行的探讨往往包括两种类型,一种侧重于诗歌文本所传达的意义,另一种更为强调诗歌组织的结构特征。前一种是从叙事学角度进行探讨,后一种则是从文体学角度进行研究。以上两种分析路径对于揭示诗歌的本真意义似乎都不够全面。诗歌是一种特殊的表意方式,如何将诗歌与其它表意方式区别开来并找到诗歌传达意义的特殊机制是诗歌研究的难点。已故塔尔图符号学学派的奠基人和领军人物、文化符号学的首创者尤里·米哈伊洛维奇·洛特曼(ЮρИЙ Μихайлοвич ЛοтмаΗ,1922—1993)将现代结构研究方法与符号学研究紧密结合,为诗歌、文学乃至整个人文科学的研究开辟出了一条崭新的道路。洛特曼始于上个世纪70年代的诗歌文本研究标志着他从文艺学家向符号学家的转型,并奠定了其在国际符号学界的崇高地位。洛特曼一方面追求通过自然科学和语言学的方法来研究诗歌文本,但同时又探索在不否定人文科学和历史主义的前提下对诗歌作品进行更加全面与深入的分析方法。在洛特曼看来,诗歌是用一种特殊的方式传达意义,这种特殊的方式笼统地说就是诗歌的结构。诗歌文本的结构是洛特曼结构文艺符号学探讨的核心问题,然而对结构的关注并没有导致其对文本意义的忽视。文本的结构和功能直接与其文本意义相关联。洛特曼的诗歌文本研究涉及面极为广泛,其诗歌文本理论更是体现了辩证法的精髓和开放的对话性。更为可贵的是,洛特曼既没有将自己的思想局限于某一种理论框架中,也不是为了方法论而研究方法论。本论文以洛特曼的诗歌文本分析理论为研究对象,采用归纳法、历时论述和纵横比较等研究方法,首先论证了他的诗歌文本理论对于俄国形式主义是一种具有批判性质的吸收。另外,洛特曼的结构诗学在源头上与系统论、信息论和控制论等自然科学都有关联。其次,围绕洛特曼反复强调的诗歌的层次性和等级性、诗歌自身独特的结构层次,即诗行、诗节和诗章、诗歌各个层次之间的相互关系和诗歌语义生成的机制等展开论述。再次,归纳了洛特曼分析诗歌文本的四对重要的结构原则：第一,作为诗歌传递和生成新信息借助的节奏和格律这一对“变体”和“不变体”；第二,发生在诗歌文本各个层次上特有的形成意义的手段——“重复”与“平行”；第三,由诗人发出的“独白”和诗歌各个层次上的结构元素共同发出的“多声部”的“对话”：第四,诗歌作为“第二模拟系统”兼具“离散性编码系统”和“连续性编码系统”的特征,是在时间维度上流淌出来的音乐和在空间维度上展现出的图画。最后,本论文还将洛特曼的诗歌文本理论与“新批评”代表人物之一克林斯·布鲁克斯的“文本细读”以及法国符号学家米歇尔·里法泰尔的诗歌符号学理论进行了横向比较,一来,以期在比较中见出洛特曼诗歌分析法的特点；二来,试图探讨符号学在发现诗歌意义生成机制的不可替代的作用。本论文旨在通过对洛特曼诗歌文本分析的理论和实践的研究,加深我们对于文本与功能之间关系的理解。诗歌作为人类重要的艺术文本不是某种静止的客体,而是作为一种功能,发挥着信息传递功能、信息生成功能和信息记忆功能。本文最终的研究结论：诗歌文本在实现以上三种功能时具有特殊性,它不仅能在极小的文本中存储比其他文学体裁更多的信息,且在传递和生成信息的过程中,能以诗歌文本所独有的方式生成无限的新意。此外,本文也对诗歌文本理论在方法论上的特征以及洛特曼的矛盾之处做出了评析。
[Abstract]:Poetry has always been regarded as a kind of expression of human emotion and experience which is difficult to describe in language, illogical, fuzzy and even contradictory. The study of the essence of poetry at home and abroad often includes two types, one focuses on the meaning conveyed by the poetry text, the other emphasizes the structural features of the poetry organization. From the angle of narratology, the latter is studied from the perspective of stylistics. The above two analytical paths seem to be not comprehensive enough to reveal the true meaning of poetry. Poetry is a special form of ideographic. How to distinguish poetry from other ideographic ways and to find a special mechanism for the meaning of poetry is poetry The founder and leader of the late Tartu semiotics school, the founder of the cultural semiotics, 1922 - 1993), 1922 - 1993) closely combined the research method of modern structure with the study of semiotics for the research of poetry, literature and the whole humanities. The study opened up a new road. Lotman began the study of poetry in the 70s of last century, which marked his transition from literary and artistic scientists to semiotics, and laid his lofty position in the international semiotics. On the one hand, Lotman sought to study the text of poetry through natural science and linguistics, but at the same time In the view of Lotman, poetry conveys the meaning of poetry in a special way, which is generally speaking the structure of poetry. The structure of the poetry text is the core of the study of Lotman's structural literary and artistic semiotics. The concern of the structure, however, does not lead to the neglect of the meaning of the text. The structure and function of the text are directly related to the meaning of the text. The study of Lotman's poetry text involves a very wide range, and its poetic text theory embodies the essence of dialectics and the openness of the dialogism. And more valuable, Lotman has neither. This thesis, taking Lotman's poetic text analysis theory as the research object, adopts the methods of induction, Diachronic Discourse and vertical and horizontal comparison, and first demonstrates that his poetry text theory is a kind of Russian formalism. In addition, Lotman's structural poetics is related to the natural sciences such as system theory, information theory and cybernetics at its source. Secondly, the unique structural level of poetry itself around Lotman's repeated emphasis on the hierarchy of poetry, poetry, verse, and poetry, and the relationship between each level of poetry and the relationship between each other. Again, the four important structural principles of Lotman's analysis of poetry text are summed up again. First, as a pair of "variants" and "invariable bodies", a pair of rhythms and rhythms, which are used as the transfer and generation of new information in poetry, and second, a hand that has a unique meaning at all levels of the poem song text. Section "Repetition" and "parallel"; third, "monologue" issued by the poet and the "multi voice" "dialogue" issued by the structural elements at all levels of the poem: Fourth, poetry is characterized by the "second simulation system" and the "discrete coding system" and "continuous coding system", which is in the time dimension. In the end, this thesis also compares Lotman's poetic text theory with Collins Brooks, one of the representative figures of "New Criticism", and the French semiotics Michel Rifatel's poetic semiotics theory. In the comparison, we see the characteristics of Lotman's poetry analysis; second, it tries to explore the irreplaceable role of Semiotics in the discovery of the mechanism of poetic meaning generation. This thesis aims to deepen our understanding of the relationship between text and function through the study of the theory and practice of the analysis of the text of Lotman's poetry. The artistic text is not a static object, but as a function, it plays the function of information transmission, information generation and information memory. The final research conclusion of this paper is that poetry text is special when realizing the above three functions. It can not only store more letters in very small text than other literary genres. In the process of transmitting and generating information, it can generate infinite new meaning in the way that poetry text is unique. In addition, this paper also makes an analysis of the characteristics of the poetic text theory in methodology and the contradiction of Lotman.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.072

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