从王尔德《认真的重要性》看唯美主义和道德观

发布时间：2018-05-13 09:54

本文选题：奥斯卡·王尔德 + 《认真的重要性》　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：王尔德是爱尔兰戏剧家、小说家、诗人及文学评论家,维多利亚时代后期英国唯美主义运动的代言人。《认真的重要性》是他最出色的社会喜剧,被认为“英语作品中鲜有匹敌”(艾尔曼,《绪论》Xvi)。作为唯美主义的领军者,王尔德坚持认为艺术要与道德分开。他认为艺术与道德无关,艺术家不应该在作品中涉及道德。然而,通过运用文学伦理学的批评方法,结合历史的、社会的批评方法,细致分析《认真的重要性》这一文本,本文笔者发现他的作品不但涉及道德,而且深刻地批判了维多利亚时代的道德观。王尔德的唯美主义艺术主张与维多利亚式压抑而虚伪的道德观背道而行。在《认真的重要性》中,王尔德强调入的个体性和想象力,但维多利亚社会充满压抑；这主要体现在所有社会成员,无论他们是何种性别,属于哪个阶层,或信仰哪个宗教,都必须服从于正统的价值观,并且将正统思想内化到道德规范之中,尽管并不一定内化到他们自己身上。王尔德在喜剧中揭露并批判了这种压抑性的道德观念。王尔德追求美和真,但维多利亚社会是虚伪的。这种虚伪体现在《认真的重要性》中人物所声称的道德观与他们实际的行为并不相符。主流的道德观要求人们“认真”,然而无论在婚姻观还是从生活态度方面,剧中人物实在称不上“认真”。王尔德不但进行了道德批判,而且其批判方式颇具现代性。他在艺术主张上对形式的强调体现在他的艺术实践中。他在《认真的重要性》中大量运用悖论这一语言形式,以及创造了花花公子群像,使形式与内容高度一致,完美结合。本论文得出结论,王尔德追求的是一种新式的道德,即个人将对美的追求内化成道德基础,自我实现,进而整个社会道德得到提升。
[Abstract]:Wang Erde is an Irish dramatist, novelist, poet and literary critic, and a spokesman for the late Victorian British aestheticism movement. "importance of seriousness" is his best social comedy. It is thought that English works rarely rival (Elman, introduction). As a leader in aestheticism, Wang Erde insisted that art be separated from morality. He thought that art had nothing to do with morality, and that artists should not involve morality in their works. However, by using the critical method of literary ethics, combining historical and social criticism methods, and carefully analyzing the text of "importance of seriousness", the author of this paper finds that his works are not only concerned with morality, but also with social criticism. And deeply criticized the Victorian ethics. Wang Erde's aestheticism is against the Victorian oppressive and hypocritical morality. In importance of seriousness, Wang Erde emphasizes individuality and imagination, but Victorian society is oppressive; this is mainly reflected in all members of society, regardless of gender, class, or religion. Must obey orthodox values and internalize orthodoxy into morality, though not necessarily into themselves. Wang Erde exposes and criticizes this repressive morality in comedy. Wang Erde pursues beauty and truth, but Victorian society is hypocritical. This hypocrisy is reflected in the moral claims of the characters in importance of seriousness that do not correspond to their actual behavior. Mainstream morality requires people to be "serious", but the characters in the play are not "serious" in terms of marriage or attitude to life. Wang Erde not only criticizes morality, but also criticizes it in a modern way. His emphasis on form is embodied in his artistic practice. In importance of seriousness, he makes great use of the language form of paradox, and creates the playboy group image, which makes the form and content highly consistent and perfectly combined. This paper concludes that Wang Erde pursues a new kind of morality, that is, the individual internalizes the pursuit of beauty as a moral basis, realizes himself, and then promotes the whole social morality.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.073

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