论《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的异化

发布时间：2018-05-27 19:06

本文选题：J·D·塞林格 + 《麦田里的守望者》　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：J·D·塞林格的代表作——《麦田里的守望者》,是当今美国文学史上最具影响力的作品之一。本论文主要采用了艾里希·弗罗姆的异化理论,基于文本细读的分析方法,从霍尔顿与社会、他人、自身三个角度分析了霍尔顿异化的表现和原因。第一章分析了霍尔顿与社会异化的表现和原因。霍尔顿在学校和纽约都是孤独的,而他很清楚自己的异化状态,在他的生活中他是一个典型的异化了的人或者说是局外人。他不能与母亲、自然和社会建立联结；而且他也无法实现自己做一名麦田守望者的目标。而霍尔顿在生存根基需求、定向与献身的需求上得不到满足,正是他与社会异化的原因。第二章研究了霍尔顿与他人的异化,包括他与老师、同龄人,甚至与父母的异化。信任的缺失和逐渐淡漠的亲情都显示了霍尔顿与他人的异化。而霍尔顿与他人异化的原因正是他在关联性需求方面的不满足——他无法与其他人建立联系。他想通过顺从或控制达到与他人的融合,却失败了；而且他也缺少兄弟之爱、母亲之爱和男女之爱。这些都揭示了他在关联性需求方面的不满足。最后一章研究了霍尔顿与自身的异化,即：他在身体和精神需求方面的矛盾和挣扎。在精神方面,霍尔顿想要一个没有伪君子的理想世界,但他却生活在充满伪君子的世界中。通过分析霍尔顿的性格,本论文得出论点：霍尔顿的性格弱点,如：自卑、幼稚、悲观,导致了他与自身的异化。本文结论指出：霍尔顿的异化正是由于他的性格弱点以及他个人需要三方面的不满足导致的,即：——生存根基的需要、关联性的需要以及定向与献身的需要。而为了解决他的问题霍尔顿必须竭力去满足自己的需要。霍尔顿所面临的异化问题正是战后美国青年面临的难题,因此,本文的研究也为当今社会青少年的心理健康提供了一些帮助。
[Abstract]:J. D. Salinger's masterpiece, Catcher in the Rye, is one of the most influential works in the history of American literature. This paper mainly adopts From's alienation theory and analyzes the manifestation and reason of Holden's alienation from three angles of Holden, society, others and themselves. The first chapter analyzes the manifestation and reason of Holden and social alienation. Holden is lonely at school and in New York, and he is well aware of his alienation, a typical alienated person or outsider in his life. He could not connect with his mother, nature and society, and he could not achieve his goal of being a wheat watcher. Holden's unsatisfied need for survival, orientation and dedication is the reason for his social alienation. The second chapter studies the alienation between Holden and others, including his alienation with teachers, peers, and even with his parents. The lack of trust and the growing indifference of kinship show Holden's alienation from others. The reason Holden alienates others is his lack of relevance-he can't connect with others. He tried to integrate with others through obedience or control, but failed; and he lacked the love of brothers, of mothers, and of men and women. All of this reveals his discontentment in relation to demand. The last chapter studies Holden's alienation, that is, his contradiction and struggle in physical and mental needs. Spiritually, Holden wanted an ideal world without hypocrites, but he lived in a world full of hypocrites. Based on the analysis of Holden's personality, this paper draws the conclusion that Holden's personality weaknesses, such as inferiority, childish and pessimistic, lead to his alienation with himself. The conclusion of this paper is that Holden's alienation is caused by his weakness in character and his personal needs in three aspects, namely, the need of the basic of existence, the need of relevance, and the need of orientation and dedication. And in order to solve his problems Holden had to do his best to meet his needs. The alienation problem Holden faced is precisely the problem faced by American youth after the war. Therefore, the study of this paper also provides some help for the mental health of teenagers in today's society.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】