论聚斯金德《香水》之魅：透视人性的多重象征意蕴

发布时间：2018-06-05 18:42

本文选题：聚斯金德 + 《香水》　；参考：《广西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：德国著名作家帕特里克·聚斯金德的长篇小说《香水》问世于20世纪80年代中期,堪称后现代德语小说的范例。《香水》令人惊讶地熔铸了近代以来欧美文学的多种元素又创造性地凸显了“嗅觉”美学特征,将传统的文学叙事手法与后现代写作技巧相糅合,以“气味”作为可多重解码的能指符号展开叙事,蕴含着丰赡的意义阐释空间。本文共分为三个部分展开论述。第一部分试图从德里达的解构论角度阐释“气味”之后蕴含的多重意蕴,探析“香水”一词蕴含的“香”与“毒”,美”与“罪”矛盾关系与解构论理论张力。德里达的解构理论颠覆了在场的形而上学,将哲学思想引入了开放多元的新境界,“意义的不确定论”鼓励我们突破任何自称权威的意义阐释,构建更加宽容、自由和多元的新的意义框架,延缓意义的终极阐释。解构主义理论的观照之下重读经典《香水》,可以读到这样一些“悬疑”：香与臭、神圣宗教与世俗欲望、罪与罚、视觉与嗅觉的融合等。这些对立的矛盾因素共同构成特殊的张力,分解了传统意义上的《香水》内涵,生成了西方后现代主义解构的美学价值体系,生成了一种新的文本意义。第二部分结合文学人类学与精神分析理论方法,择取《香水》中格雷诺耶在刑场上挥洒香水、万人折服的戏剧化场景论析这一宗教仪式的反讽意蕴；以欧美精神分析诗学的欲望理论阐发《香水》的世俗意义,探讨世俗欲望的个体、集体、文化无意识心理意蕴,从中探讨出故事开端情节有关原罪与人性善恶的深刻蕴意及其背后折射的宗教观念。第三部分从对气味的渴求与嗅觉出发联系到作品中香水的种种超乎寻常的作用,从嗅觉美学角度分析文学形象,凸显《香水》的嗅觉美学特征,从人性罪恶、法律及伦理道德等角度探讨作品意蕴。《香水》最引人入胜的地方是由嗅觉来展示美感受美,这种神秘的崇高体验带给我们更多的想象空间。虽然目前还没有公认的嗅觉理论,但是聚斯金德将视线聚焦于鼻子这一嗅觉器官,通过主人公独特的嗅觉体验来体现文本的审美形态,构建独特的“嗅觉美学”,关注嗅觉领域里所展示的美的本质及其意义,获得多重审美经验。聚斯金德在传承古典小说对于情节、人物等各项基本元素的要求同时,吸纳了现代主义小说对于世界认知意义以及个体存在确认等方面的“哲学质询”,透过“气味”这一题材的想象、夸张与放大,将一个有关嗅觉神话单一、表层的故事延展到气味链以外的社会化、历史化层面,以内在意义的严肃支配外在形式的通俗,呈现出某种叙事和命运的逻辑。
[Abstract]:The famous German writer Patrick Juskind's novel Perfume was published in the mid-1980s. "Perfume" is an example of a postmodern German novel. "Perfume" amazingly melts many elements of European and American literature since modern times and creatively highlights the aesthetic characteristics of "smell", combining traditional literary narrative techniques with post-modern writing techniques. The "smell" is used as the multi-decode signifier to unfold the narration, which contains abundant space of meaning interpretation. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part tries to explain the connotation of "smell" from the perspective of Derrida's deconstruction theory, and analyzes the contradiction between "fragrance" and "poison", beauty and crime, and the theoretical tension of deconstruction theory. Derrida's deconstruction theory subverts the metaphysics of the presence, and introduces philosophy into a new realm of openness and pluralism. "the uncertainty of meaning" encourages us to break through any self-proclaimed authority of meaning interpretation and construct a more tolerant one. Freedom and pluralism of the new meaning framework, delay the ultimate interpretation of meaning. In the light of deconstruction theory, we can read some "suspense" from the classic "Perfume": fragrance and odor, sacred religion and secular desire, sin and punishment, the fusion of vision and smell, and so on. These contradictory factors together form a special tension, decompose the connotation of perfume in the traditional sense, create the aesthetic value system of the deconstruction of western postmodernism, and create a new text meaning. The second part combines the theoretical methods of literary anthropology and psychoanalysis and chooses the dramatic scene in Perfume to analyze the ironic implication of this religious ceremony. Using the desire theory of European and American psychoanalysis poetics to expound the secular meaning of Perfume, to probe into the psychological implication of individual, collective and cultural unconscious of secular desire. This paper discusses the profound implication of the original sin and human good and evil in the beginning of the story and the religious ideas reflected behind it. The third part starts from the desire for smell and smell to relate to the extraordinary functions of perfume in the works, analyzes the literary image from the angle of olfactory aesthetics, highlights the aesthetic characteristics of smell in Perfume, and from the perspective of human nature and vice, analyzes the image of literature from the point of view of olfactory aesthetics. The most fascinating part of Perfume is its sense of smell, which gives us more room for imagination. Although there is no universally accepted olfactory theory, but Justinger focuses his attention on the nose, which reflects the aesthetic form of the text through the protagonist's unique olfactory experience, and constructs a unique "olfactory aesthetics". Pay attention to the essence and significance of beauty in olfactory field and gain many aesthetic experiences. Juskinder inherits the request of the basic elements such as plot, character and so on in classical novels, at the same time, he absorbs the "philosophical inquiry" of modernist novels on the significance of world cognition and the confirmation of individual existence. Through the imagination, exaggeration and magnification of the subject matter of "smell", the story of a single sense of smell is extended beyond the scent chain to a socialized, historical level, within which the meaning of seriousness dominates the external form of popular, It presents some logic of narrative and destiny.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I516.074

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