E.L.多克托罗历史小说中的去神话改写

发布时间：2018-06-09 03:27

本文选题：E.L.多克托罗 + 历史小说　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：本论文以E.L.多克托罗的四部历史小说《欢迎来到艰难时代镇》，《拉格泰姆》，《鱼鹰湖》和《大进军》为例，旨在揭示多克托罗历史小说中隐含的去神话思想，论述多克托罗如何用解放性叙事来消解神话的宏大叙事。本论文以罗兰巴特的现代神话理论为理论基础，提出神话是一种宏大叙事。神话是人类意图和想象的产物，受人类心理、认知和政治等因素的影响以真理的面目呈现，但其本质是虚假的。作为一位执着的去神话斗士，多克托罗自他的第一部小说发表以来，一直在同各种神话做不懈的斗争。他以戏仿、反讽、互文和复调为叙事策略，来对抗和消解神话的宏大叙事。他的历史小说不仅是对长期深刻影响美国社会的多种神话的去神话改写，同时也是对历史作为事实真理神话的去神话改写。在《欢迎来到艰难时代镇》中，多克托罗通过一个西部小镇从衰到盛到彻底衰落的过程，完全颠覆了读者对西部英雄和西部作为希望之地的信念。他以戏仿为叙事策略，将艺术现实中的西部与神话中的西部对照，通过两者之间的差距颠覆了美国人盲目的种族完美意识，打破了美国人关于美国文明作为幸福和繁荣之源的信念。在《拉格泰姆》中，多克托罗将一幅看似完美的美国社会图景与少数群体被剥夺了平等与正义的现实相对。借助于反讽虽表面合作但意在颠覆的叙事策略，多克托罗从主流文化话语的内部对其发起去神话攻击，，从统治阶级自身的视角出发对其虚伪和保守进行了揭露。在《鱼鹰湖》中，通过主人公由天真青年堕落为腐败成人的成长历程，多克托罗打破了美国人天性善良仁慈的神话。他利用互文的叙事策略，将主人公和马克吐温笔下的哈克费恩以及菲茨杰拉德笔下的盖茨比两个经典文学形象并置，通过将主人公的命运和他们的命运进行对照，揭露美国社会中夺走年轻人天真和国家精神追求的邪恶力量。在美国历史上，南北双方各自形成的关于谢尔曼将军和大进军的两种截然相反的神话彻底暴露了神话的虚伪性本质。在《大进军》中，多克托罗采用巴赫金所提出的复调式叙事手法，以一种“欢快的相对性”瓦解了神话叙事的绝对性，从而使谢尔曼将军回归了人性，也使大进军回归了真实的历史性。多克托罗将他的几部小说背景置于美国历史上的重要历史时期，既透过历史背景对美国社会生活中的种种核心神话进行审视，也对历史本身作为事实真理的神话提出了质疑。多克托罗异常警惕叙事中潜在的束缚力量，但他同时也坚信叙事的解放力量。相对于所谓“真”的官方历史文献对历史的垄断，他以一种“假”文献的创作形式来对抗“真”文献的合法性。他的每一部历史小说都以“假”文献的形式呈现。从账簿、日记到回忆录等，每一部文献都试图从不同于官方的角度对历史进行书写。其结果是，历史作为封闭的不容置疑的事实的神话地位被打破，历史被降到了叙事的地位。出于对民主和真理的追求，多克托罗颠覆了美国例外论中的多种核心神话以及历史作为事实真理的神话。他的历史小说复原了美国社会生活的复杂性和含混性，也为美国历史提供了不同的解读。
[Abstract]:This paper, with the four historical novels of E.L. more Ktoro, "welcome to the town of difficult times", "lagtam", "Fish Eagle Lake >" and "big marching" as an example, aims to reveal the hidden myth thought in Ktoro's historical novels, and discuss how Ktoro dispels the grand narrative of mythology with liberative narration.
This paper, based on the theory of Roland Bart's modern mythology, proposes that mythology is a grand narrative. Mythology is the product of human intentions and imagination. It is influenced by human psychological, cognitive and political factors as the face of truth, but its essence is false. Since the publication of the novel, the novel has been struggling with various myths. He uses parody, irony, intertextuality and polyphony as a narrative strategy to combat and dispel the grand narrative of mythology. His historical novel is not only a myth of a variety of myths that have long and profound influence on American society, but also a myth of history as a truth truth. Go to mythology to rewrite.
In the "welcome to the difficult times", the process of the decline of a western town from the decline to the full decline of a western town completely subverts readers' belief in the Western hero and the West as a place of hope. He uses parody as a narrative strategy to contrast the western art reality with the western mythology, and subvert the gap between the two. The Americans' blind sense of racial perfection has broken the American belief that American civilization is the source of happiness and prosperity.
In Lagrange, domoro has taken a seemingly perfect social picture of the United States and the minority to be deprived of the reality of equality and justice. With the aid of the narrative strategy of irony and subversion, which is intended to subvert, domoro has launched a mythological attack from the interior of the mainstream cultural discourse, from the perspective of the ruling class itself. It was exposed to its hypocrisy and conservatism.
In "Fish Eagle Lake", through the heroine's depravity from a young man to a corrupt adult, doxooo broke the myth of American goodness and kindness. By using intertextual narrative strategies, he juxtaposed the two classical literary images of Haq Finn and Fitzgerald, the master's and the Haq Finn and Fitzgerald, and through Fitzgerald. By comparing the fate of the protagonist and their fate, we expose the evil forces that have taken away the innocence of the young people and the pursuit of national spirit in American society.
In the history of the United States, the two opposite myths of both the north and the south about general Sherman and the Great Marches completely exposed the hypocrisy nature of mythology. In the grand marching, the polyphonic narrative that Bakhtin put forward by him, disintegrated the absolute nature of mythological narration with a "cheerful relativity". So that general Sherman returned to human nature and made the great march return to the real historical nature.
He placed several of his novels in an important historical period in the history of the United States, examining all the core myths of American social life through historical background, and questioning the myth of history itself as a factual truth. The Liberation Force of narration. Compared with the so-called "true" official historical documents, he fought the legitimacy of the "true" literature with a form of "false" literature. Each of his historical novels was presented in the form of "false" literature. From books, diary to recollection, every document tried to be different from the other. The official perspective of history is written. The result is that history is broken as a closed and undeniable fact, and history has been reduced to the status of narration.
Out of the pursuit of democracy and truth, he overturned a variety of core myths in American Exceptionalism and the myth of history as a factual truth. His historical novels restored the complexity and ambiguities of American social life and provided different interpretations for American history.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】