生态批评视角下《沙乡年鉴》研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 05:49

本文选题：《沙乡年鉴》 + 奥尔多·利奥波德　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：奥尔多·利奥波德(1887-1948)被认为是美国野生生物管理之父和美国的先知。他最杰出的代表作是《沙乡年鉴》。它是自然资源保护科学,政策及伦理的奠基之作。书中蕴含了丰富而深刻的生态思想。本论文试图从生态批评视角研究奥尔多·利奥波德的《沙乡年鉴》。探讨这本书里面的生态思想。本文包含四个部分。第一部分主要介绍了作者奥尔多·利奥波德和其作品《沙乡年鉴》。本文简要介绍了奥尔多·利奥波德的早年生活,学校教育,职业生涯及其主要代表作品。而对于《沙乡年鉴》,本论文介绍了它的主要内容和影响。第二部分是研究背景和理论基础的介绍。首先对《沙乡年鉴》的国内外文献综述做了简单的整理和分析。国内外鲜有人对《沙乡年鉴》从生态批评角度进行深刻系统的研究。其次对本文的理论基础——生态批评做了简单的介绍,分别从它的定义,发展,特点和意义这些方面来介绍。生态批评是一种文学批评理论,目的在于探究文学和自然的关系。它已经发展了至少半个世纪。它的主要特点是跨学科的,跨文化的,开放包容的。生态批评至少在以下四个方面具有重要的意义：为文学批评提供新的视角和方法,打破了人类中心主义并带来了关于生态方面新的概念,使生态文学繁荣昌盛,并且促进了环境保护运动。第三部分是本论文的核心。通过细读文本,分析了《沙乡年鉴》中所蕴含的生态思想。其中包含了五部分：人与自然的关系,对人类思想和行为的批判,生态整体主义,土地伦理和荒野的价值。奥尔多·利奥波德认为人类仅仅是大自然的一部分,人们应该热爱并尊重自然。人与自然相互影响。然而,人们对于自然不恰当的思想和行为导致了严重的生态危机。利奥波德主要批判了人类中心主义以及工业和科技。利奥波德建议人们“像山一样思考”,换句话说就是把生态系统视为一个整体。他提出了著名的“完整,稳定,美丽”原则。在《沙乡年鉴》的最后一章的第一部分,利奥波德提出了他最为著名和最有意义的理论——土地伦理。它是一项重大的伦理改革并且为建立新的生态伦理奠定了基础。在这本书的最后一章的第二部分,利奥波德主要描述了荒野的价值。本论文的最后一部分是结论。主要总结了这篇论文的研究成果。
[Abstract]:Aldo Leopold was considered the father and prophet of American wildlife management. His most outstanding masterpiece is the Yearbook of Shaxiang. It is the foundation of the science, policy and ethics of conservation of natural resources. The book contains rich and profound ecological thoughts. This paper attempts to study Aldo Leopold's Yearbook of Shahexiang from the perspective of ecological criticism. Explore the ecological ideas in this book. This article consists of four parts. The first part mainly introduces the author Aldo Leopold and his work the Yearbook of Shahexiang. This paper briefly introduces Aldo Leopold's early life, school education, career and his main works. For the yearbook of Shaxiang, this paper introduces its main content and influence. The second part is the introduction of the research background and theoretical basis. First of all, the domestic and foreign literature review of Shaxiang Yearbook is simply arranged and analyzed. Few people at home and abroad have made a deep and systematic study on Shaxiang Yearbook from the angle of ecological criticism. Secondly, this paper briefly introduces the theoretical basis-ecological criticism, from its definition, development, characteristics and significance. Ecological criticism is a theory of literary criticism aimed at exploring the relationship between literature and nature. It has been developed for at least half a century. Its main characteristics are cross-disciplinary, cross-cultural, open and inclusive. Ecological criticism is of great significance in at least the following four aspects: it provides a new perspective and method for literary criticism, breaks anthropocentrism and brings new concepts about ecology, and makes ecological literature flourish. And promoted the campaign of environmental protection. The third part is the core of this paper. By reading the text carefully, the ecological thoughts contained in the Yearbook of Shaxiang are analyzed. It contains five parts: the relationship between man and nature, criticism of human thought and behavior, ecological holism, land ethics and the value of wilderness. Aldo Leopold believes that man is only a part of nature and that man should love and respect nature. Man and nature interact. However, people's improper thinking and behavior about nature lead to serious ecological crisis. Leopold mainly criticized anthropocentrism and industry and technology. Leopold suggests that people "think like mountains," in other words, an ecosystem as a whole. He put forward the famous principle of integrity, stability and beauty. In the first part of the last chapter of the Yearbook of Shahexiang, Leopold puts forward his most famous and meaningful theory, land ethics. It is an important ethical reform and lays the foundation for the establishment of new ecological ethics. In the second part of the last chapter of the book, Leopold describes the value of wilderness. The last part of this paper is the conclusion. This paper summarizes the research results of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.06

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