解析《小镇畸人》中的表现主义技巧

发布时间：2018-06-21 09:17

本文选题：根源 + 表现主义形式　；参考：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：舍伍德·安德森是美国现代文学的先驱者，也是二十世纪世界文坛的重要重要代表人物之一。其代表作《小镇畸人》在1919年问世之后，便引起了巨大的轰动，并广受文学评论家们的好评。舍伍德·安德森的这部小说被视作美国短篇小说史上的一座里程碑。这部小说完美地结合了现代主义与表现主义，以其独特的写作技巧、表达方式以及创造性的主题，给美国文坛带来一种全新的视觉。舍伍德·安德森深深地影响了后世许多作家，他本人被尊崇为他们那一代的美国作家之父。《小镇畸人》这部小说是文学领域里最早表达典型的美国小镇生活背后存在的压抑感、孤独感、挫折感的作品之一。这部小说刻画了一群生活在温斯堡镇上的古怪人群，他们由于无法适应社会的变化而逐渐脱离社会，相互之间缺乏沟通与理解，因而显得与外界格格不入。在该部作品中，舍伍德·安德森通过不断重复描写这些扭曲人物及各种意象，淋漓尽致地刻画了人物的内心世界，并揭露了社会的本质。《小镇畸人》凭借对美国新型小镇生活的刻画以及表现主义技巧的运用，引起了评论家和读者们的极大兴趣。来自世界各地的评论家们纷纷从现实主义、自然主义、印象主义、以及浪漫主义等不同的角度研究和评论这部作品。这种研究不仅是文学上的，还覆盖了历史、主题、传记和结构等诸多方面。国内外研究该部作品的学者不胜枚举，诸多的研究专著也是层出不穷。但是从表现主义角度解读该部作品的文章却不是很多。在前人研究成果的基础上，本文拟从表现主义角度尝试分析舍伍德·安德森的这部作品。本文由导论、正文、结论三部分构成。导论部分将主要阐述国内外对《小镇畸人》这部小说的研究现状及本文写作的理论及现实意义。目前国内外的诸多学者对舍伍德·安德森及《小镇畸人》的研究评论主要集中在以下几方面：安德森所属的文学流派，《小镇畸人》中的历史及地理背景分析，作品的主题、结构形式以及人物形象分析。本文拟尝试分析舍伍德·安德森在设计结构形式和塑造人物时采取的表现主义技巧，以丰富对这部作品的理论研究。本文对读者更好地了解安德森独特的写作技巧具有重要意义，可以使他们深入地理解和欣赏这部优秀的作品。本文的正文部分拟分为三章，各章内容概述如下：第一章将对本文的理论基础表现主义进行简单介绍，并详细分析舍伍德·安德森表现主义写作手法形成的根源。首先,本章将从三方面对表现主义进行阐述：表现主义的起源及发展、表现主义的信条及特征、表现主义在文学领域的重要性。其次，本章将主要从两方面详细分析舍伍德·安德森表现主义写作手法形成的根源。一方面，舍伍德·安德森独特的生活经历深深的影响了他的表现主义写作手法的形成。他所经历的早期贫困动荡，中期致富，随即破产直至最终投身于文学创作的生活给其文学创作理念带来了极深的影响。另一方面，舍伍德·安德森积极投身于芝加哥复兴运动，并与那个时期表现主义画家们的密切来往，对表现主义所追求的探索内心本质产生了深深的崇拜，并在其文学创作中积极使用这些表现主义技巧。第二章将重点分析舍伍德·安德森在《小镇畸人》的作品形式设计上所采取的表现主义技巧。本章拟从两方面进行分析：小说情节及结构的松散性、整部作品的统一性。一方面，《小镇畸人》的结构形式具有松散性。从情节上看，《这部作品既缺少悬念，又缺乏其他作品所具有的戏剧性发展和高潮；从结构上看，这部小说由相互独立的故事组合在一起构成，各章节之间联系薄弱，每个章节都可以被视作单独的故事来欣赏。另一方面，《小镇畸人》的结构形式又具有统一性。读者一旦把这部作品当做统一整体来欣赏时，便会发现这部作品中存在着某些统一要素：共同的故事背景、共同的主题、一个贯穿整部作品的中心人物以及一个统一的全知叙事视角。这四个统一要素相互结合，使得这部作品联系为一个统一整体，使得作品中人物情感更加强烈迫切。第三章将重点分析舍伍德·安德森在这部小说的人物塑造方面所采用的表现主义艺术技巧。本章将从三方面进行阐述：独特的表现主义绘画式的语言风格、象征主义技巧的使用以及顿悟手法的恰当运用。首先，舍伍德·安德森在《小镇畸人》表现人物内心情感时对语言的运用，正如表现主义画家绘画时运用简单而大胆的颜色来描绘景色或人物一样。他选用了极其简单的日常生活用语以及一些古语来向读者传达作品中畸人们所遭受的孤独与绝望以及对外界理解的渴望之情。其次，安德森对象征手法的运用集中体现在以下三方面：具有象征意义的人物、象征意义深远的故事背景以及具有象征意义的意象。舍伍德·安德森在作品中没有直接陈述，而是使用了大量的象征手法来含蓄地揭示人物内心深处的焦虑与孤独。第三，舍伍德·安德森在人物塑造时也使用了顿悟手法。他曾经把顿悟视作“捕获人类本质的罕见的时刻”。故事中的人物大多生活在孤独失望当中，他们内心深处极度渴望与外界交流沟通。在某些顿悟时刻，他们鼓足勇气想要告知外界他们的内心情感，但是由于缺少正确表达方式，，这种告知往往以悲剧结束，最终使得他们的行为更加怪诞。通过对这些顿悟时刻的营造，安德森更加深刻的刻画了作品中畸人们的内心世界。本文的最后一部分是结论部分。本部分将对全文进行总结并指出本文的写作目的及意义。本文从表现主义角度对《小镇畸人》进行了详细解读，分析了舍伍德·安德森给后世作家带来的深刻影响及其在美国文学史上的重要地位，并着重对该部作品在结构形式及人物塑造方面所体现出来的表现主义写作技巧进行了分析，给读者带来一种全新的解读视角。目前国内外对《小镇畸人》的表现主义解读之人不是很多，这种研究视角尚具有极大空间，这也是本文的写作价值所在。本文的对这部作品的表现主义视角解读仅是一种尝试性研究，可以使读者更清晰地理解生活在俄亥俄州温斯堡小镇上的畸人们内心深处的孤独感与挫折感，也可以使读者们更好地欣赏这部伟大的作品。
[Abstract]:Sherwood Anderson is the pioneer of American modern literature and one of the important representatives of the world literary world in the twentieth Century. His representative work, "the little town man", has caused great sensation after the advent of the 1919, and has been widely praised by literary critics. This novel of Sherwood Ander is regarded as the history of American short stories. A landmark, the novel, which combines modernism and expressionism perfectly with its unique writing skills, expression and creative themes, brings a new vision to the American literary world. Sherwood Anderson deeply influenced many writers of later generations, who were personally respected as the American writers of their generation. Father.
The novel is one of the most repressive, lonely and frustrating works behind the typical American small town life in the literary field. This novel depicts a group of eccentric people living in winscastle, who are gradually divorced from society and lack communication because of their inability to adapt to social changes. In his work, Sherwood Anderson portrays the inner world of the characters and reveals the nature of the society. It has aroused great interest in critics and readers. Critics from all over the world have studied and commented on this work from different perspectives, such as realism, naturalism, Impressionism, and romanticism. This study is not only literary, but also covers history, themes, biographies and structures. There are numerous scholars to study the work of the Department, and many research monographs emerge in endlessly. However, there are not many articles reading the works from the perspective of Expressionism. On the basis of the achievements of the predecessors, this article attempts to analyze Sherwood Anderson's work from the perspective of Expressionism.
This article is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction will mainly elaborate on the current research status and the theoretical and practical significance of the study at home and abroad on the novel in the small town, and the theoretical and practical significance of this article. At present, many scholars at home and abroad focus on the following aspects of Sherwood Anderson and the small town deformities: the literary genre of Anderson, the history of "the small town" and the history, The analysis of geographical background, the theme of the work, the structure of the works and the analysis of the character image. This article attempts to analyze the expressionist techniques adopted by Sherwood Anderson in designing the form and shaping the characters, so as to enrich the theoretical study of this work. This article is of great significance for readers to better understand Anderson's unique writing skills. It enables them to understand and appreciate this excellent work in depth.
The main body of this paper is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter will give a brief introduction to the theoretical expressionism of this article and analyze the origin of Sherwood Anderson's Expressionist writing techniques in detail. First, this chapter will expound Expressionism from three aspects: the origin and development of expressionism, the letter and characteristics of expressionism, and the importance of Expressionism in the field of literature. Secondly, this chapter will analyze the root causes of Sherwood Anderson's Expressionist writing in two aspects. On the one hand, Sherwood Anderson's unique life experience deeply affects the formation of his expressionist writing technique. The life of literary creation has a profound influence on his literary creation concept. On the other hand, Sherwood Anderson is actively engaged in the Chicago revival movement, and closely associated with Expressionist painters of that period, deeply worshiping the inner nature of the exploration of expressionism, and actively making it in his literary creation. Use these expressionist skills.
The second chapter will focus on the expressionist techniques adopted by Sherwood Anderson in the form design of the small town's works. This chapter is intended to analyze from two aspects: the loose plot and structure of the novel, the unity of the whole work. On the one hand, the structure of the small town is loose. There is a lack of suspense and a lack of dramatic development and climax in other works; structurally, the novel is composed of independent stories, and the links between chapters are weak. Each chapter can be seen as a separate story. On the other hand, the structure of the small town is unified. Once the work is considered as a unified whole, there are some unifying elements in this work: a common story background, a common theme, a central figure throughout the whole work, and a unified omniscient narrative perspective. The four unifying elements combine to make the work a unity. As a whole, the feelings of the characters in the works are more intense and urgent.
The third chapter will focus on the expressionist art techniques used by Sherwood Anderson in the characterization of the novel. This chapter will expound from three aspects: the unique expressionist style of language, the use of symbolism and the proper use of insight. First, Sherwood Anderson is in the small town. As a expressionist painter uses a simple and bold color to describe a landscape or a character, he chooses an extremely simple everyday language and some ancient words to convey to the reader the loneliness and despair and the understanding of the external world. Second, Anderson's use of symbolism is concentrated in the following three aspects: a symbolic figure, a profound story background and a symbolic image. Sherwood Anderson has not stated directly in his works, but uses a large number of symbolism to implicitly reveal the heart of the character. Deep anxiety and loneliness. Third, Sherwood Anderson used epiphany in portrayal. He once regarded epiphany as "a rare moment to capture the nature of human beings." most of the characters in the story lived in loneliness and disappointments. They were extremely eager to communicate with the outside world. At some moments of insight, they drums. Enough courage wants to inform the outside of their inner feelings, but because of the lack of correct expression, this kind of notification often ends with tragedy and eventually makes their behavior more grotesque. Through the creation of these moments of insight, Anderson depicts the innermost world of the deformed people more deeply.
The last part of this article is the conclusion. This part will sum up the full text and point out the purpose and significance of the writing. From the perspective of expressionism, this article makes a detailed interpretation of the "small town", analyzes the profound influence of Sherwood Anderson to the later writers and the important position in the history of American literature. The writings of the Department are analyzed in the expressionist writing skills embodied in the structure and characterization, and bring a new angle of interpretation to the readers. At present, there are not many people at home and abroad on the expressionist interpretation of "the small town", which is still in great space, which is the value of this article. The expressionist interpretation of this work is only an attempt to make readers understand the loneliness and frustration of the innermost people living in the small town of Winesburg, Ohio, and to make readers appreciate this great work better.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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