《悲悼》中的悲剧人物解读

发布时间：2018-06-21 23:59

本文选题：奥尼尔 + 《悲悼》　；参考：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：尤金·奥尼尔被称为“美国的莎士比亚”，他是一位以新颖动人的形式，对一种最古老的艺术作出了创造性贡献的人，是在欧洲舞台上享受普遍声誉的第一位美国剧作家。他的成就不仅仅是冲破旧的传统，创作了大量的现代戏剧，更重要的是揭开了美国戏剧发展史上的新篇章，开创了美国真正意义上的严肃戏剧。作为一名现代戏剧家，奥尼尔十分擅长向戏剧前辈借鉴学习，对古希腊悲剧尤为推崇，，除此之外，奥尼尔还不断地吸收20世纪的各种流派文学理论，将古今完美的结合，使得他的许多作品都呈现出原始与现代相结合的魅力。取材于古希腊悲剧《俄瑞斯忒亚》的《悲悼》三部曲是奥尼尔创作中期的一部经典悲剧，在这一时期，奥尼尔依旧关注美国文化中存在的道德问题，但是戏剧表现的重点转向了对悲剧人物自我心理体验的探索。作家试图传达一种不同于传统的古希腊命运悲剧的世界观及生活态度，即在面对那些无可逃避的生活困境的情况下勇敢地直面人生这样一种现代社会的正能量。所以，对剧中人物的细致分析是充分了解作家内心世界的一个很好的窗口。作者通过描写《悲悼》中悲剧人物在困境命运中的抗争与毁灭揭示出人的自我破碎与社会文化之间的联系，尤其擅长结合精神分析、面具等现代理论对古希腊人物原型进行大胆的改革，用文字手段去探索着人生的价值、生活的意义，赋予了古希腊悲剧现代内涵。本论文共分为三章，在细致分析剧本的基础上，将作家塑造的人物按照其相似特征，分为三个类别分别进行阐述：与悲剧命运相抗争的女主角莱维尼亚、克里斯汀，彻底毁灭的男主人公艾斯拉·孟南和奥林以及不可或缺的悲剧见证者孟南家的其他家庭成员和仆人，从这三个方向出发，分门别类的阐述作家通过不同的悲剧人物希望传达给读者的悲剧体验、人生体验。第一章，以悲剧中的女性形象莱维尼亚和克里斯汀为论述主体，先是从悲剧人物的古希腊历史原型入手，凸显悲剧人物的现代面貌。分析了《悲悼》与《俄瑞斯忒亚》故事情节的异同，探讨了奥尼尔的命运观。其次，抨击了作为爱尔兰人精神支柱的清教主义，尤其是它在融入新英格兰社会的过程中所宣扬的道德约束和禁欲主义对人性本能的压抑和扭曲。表达了作者对于这两个女性人物为追求自我解放而做出斗争和牺牲的肯定。最后，通过分析悲剧女主角超越自我的强大意志和反叛社会的不屈信念，彰显出古希腊式的崇高悲剧价值意义。第二章，分析作品中男主人公孟南和奥林的悲剧形象，先从古希腊悲剧人物原型为背景切入，介绍现代悲剧中的人物设置。其次，通过创新运用面具这种艺术表现手法，展现悲剧人物孟南和奥林复杂的内心感受，同时也体现出了奥尼尔灵活地运用现代心理学、哲学理论，将这一古老的戏剧表演方式很好的融入到了现代剧当中。最后，以男主人公奥林为寻求精神解脱而选择自我毁灭这一悲剧现实来肯定他身上具有的悲剧价值，传达了作者对悲剧价值的感悟。第三章，分析的是剧本中容易被人遗漏的次要的人物——孟南家的其他成员：老艾比、玛利亚等祖辈以及孟南家的仆人和市民。这些次要人物的形象分析也是以往较少研究到的。通过细读文本中关于未出场的人物和意象的描写，概括了他们的存在对于悲剧主人公以及悲剧主题的作用。另外，奥尼尔还运用了古希腊的歌队模式来烘托悲剧气氛，深化主要人物的悲剧形象，意味深远。
[Abstract]:Eugene ONeil is known as "Shakespeare of the United States". He is a new and creative person who has made a creative contribution to the oldest art. He is the first American playwright who enjoys the universal reputation on the European stage. His achievements are not only breaking through old traditions, creating a large number of modern dramas, but more important. It has uncovered a new chapter in the history of American drama and created a serious drama in the true sense of the United States. As a modern dramatist, O'neal is very good at learning from the predecessors of the theatre, especially in the ancient Greek tragedies. In addition, O'neal is also constantly absorbing the various literary theories of the twentieth Century, which will perfect the ancient and modern times. The combination of his works shows the charm of the combination of primitive and modern.
"Mourning > mourning > Trilogy" is a classic tragedy of O'neal's creation in the middle of the creation of the ancient Greek tragedy. In this period, O'neal still paid attention to the moral problems in American culture, but the focus of the drama turned to the exploration of the self psychological test of the tragic characters. The writer tried to convey a different form of tradition. The world outlook and life attitude of the tragedies of the fate of ancient Greece are brave to face the positive energy of a modern society in the face of the inescapable predicament of life. So the careful analysis of the characters in the play is a good window for the full understanding of the writer's inner world.
Through the description of the struggle and destruction of the tragic characters in the plight of the tragedies, the author reveals the relationship between human self breakage and social culture, and is especially good at combining the psychoanalysis, masks and other modern theories to reform the archetype of ancient Greek characters, to explore the value of life, the meaning of life, and the meaning of life. The modern connotation of ancient Greek tragedy is divided into three chapters. On the basis of the detailed analysis of the script, the characters portraged by the writers are divided into three categories according to their similar characteristics: the heroine Levi Nia, Kristen, the heroine Isla Monnan and Olin, which is completely destroyed by the tragic fate. The other family members and servants of MenAn's family, who can or lack the tragic witness, from these three directions, explain the tragic experience and life experience of the writers through different tragedies.
The first chapter, taking the female image of the tragedy as the main body of Revilla and Kristen, first begins with the archetype of the ancient Greek history of tragic characters and highlights the modern features of tragic characters. It analyses the similarities and differences between the mourning > and the Storyland, and discusses O'neal's view of fate. Secondly, it attacks the spirit of the Irish people. The Puritanism of the column, especially the moral restraint and the oppression and distortion of the instinct of human nature, advocated in the process of integration into the new England society, expressed the author's affirmation of the struggle and sacrifice of the two female characters in pursuit of self liberation. The unyielding belief of Zhi and rebellion demonstrates the value of ancient Greek sublime tragedy.
The second chapter is the analysis of the tragic image of Monan and olive in the works. First, from the background of the archetype of ancient Greek tragedies, the characters in modern tragedies are introduced. Secondly, through the creative use of masks, this artistic expression is used to show the complex inner feelings of the tragic characters Meng Nan and O Lin, as well as the embodiment of ONeil Ring. With the use of modern psychology and philosophical theory, the ancient theatrical performance was well integrated into the modern drama. Finally, the tragic value of his personal destruction was affirmed by the hero, the hero, to seek spiritual relief and the tragic reality of his self destruction.
The third chapter is the analysis of the minor characters, which are easily omitted in the script, the other members of the family of MenAn, the ancestors of old ABI, Maria, and the servants and citizens of the MenAn family. The image analysis of these minor characters is also less studied in the past. Their existence plays a role in the tragic hero and the tragic theme. In addition, O'neal also used the ancient Greek song team model to support the tragic atmosphere and deepen the tragic image of the main characters.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.073

【参考文献】