霍妮新精神分析法下《幸运的吉姆》主人公的焦虑困境解读
发布时间：2018-07-24 10:50
【摘要】：金斯莱·艾米斯,英国当代著名小说家、诗人和批评家,是英国“愤怒的青年”代表人物之一,其作品大多以讽刺喜剧的形式和平实的语言来表达对战后社会生活的不满和批判,因而深受广大读者的喜爱。艾米斯的代表作《幸运的吉姆》(1954)讲述了一位出身中下层的历史系讲师吉姆·狄克逊在其不断寻求工作机会和社会地位的过程中,所饱受的来自上层社会的欺辱和压制以及遭遇的种种荒唐可笑的经历,并最终幸运地收获完美结局的故事。这部小说被评论家们誉为“英国战后最成功的小说之一”,并于1955年获得了毛姆文学奖,成为英国最受欢迎的畅销书之一,艾米斯也因此而一举成名。论文运用霍妮新精神分析法解读主人公吉姆·狄克逊的焦虑困境。霍妮十分重视社会文化因素的作用,强调依据时代的特点和人物的当前行为分析其心理特征。因此本文旨在用霍妮的新精神分析理论研究吉姆焦虑的现象、焦虑的原因以及与焦虑的抗争,通过对战后小人物价值观扭曲和人性迷茫状态的剖析展现大环境下人们对社会的讽刺和对美好生活的追求。引言部分简要介绍了金斯莱·艾米斯及其小说《幸运的吉姆》,总结性地概述小说国内外研究现状,并陈述本论文的主体脉络和中心论点。第一章为理论基础部分,总结性地概括了新精神分析法的起源与发展过程和霍妮新精神分析法的理论体系,其主要内容包括基本焦虑,文化与神经症人格,以及三种防御策略。第二章探讨吉姆焦虑困境的表现,将吉姆的焦虑分为基本焦虑和神经症焦虑,分别为焦虑困境的外在作用和内在自我。其中神经症焦虑是吉姆焦虑的集中体现,从现实焦虑、精神焦虑和存在焦虑三方面分析人物内心的焦虑困境。第三章指出吉姆产生焦虑的主要原因。其一是霍妮着重强调的社会文化作用,即战后社会转型期的国家政策给人们带来重大影响;其二是外部环境带来的冲突,即学术界的虚伪和人性的伪善给吉姆带来思想上的冲击;其三是吉姆内心的矛盾和不解,而内部冲突正是神经症人格的一种表现。第四章为吉姆对焦虑困境的抗争,分为抗争意识的形成、抗争行为的体现以及抗争的结果三个阶段,归根结底就是从精神防御到现实对抗到最后实现存在探索的过程。吉姆在亲近他人、逃避他人和对抗他人三大精神驱力的推动下,最终打破了焦虑状态,实现创造性的自我追寻,而从另一角度看也是其对上层社会的妥协。最后得出结论:论文从微观角度展现了主人公吉姆在重重焦虑中获得自由和新生的过程;从宏观角度来看,论文透过分析吉姆的焦虑困境反映出战后社会下人们在生活上和精神上的迷茫,对复杂人性的深入认识,以及对自由和美好生活的渴望。
[Abstract]:Kingsley Amis, a famous contemporary British novelist, poet and critic, is one of the representatives of Britain's "angry youth". Most of his works express dissatisfaction and criticism of postwar social life in the form of satirical comedy and plain language. Emmes's masterpiece, "Lucky Jim" (1954), tells about Jim Dixon, a lecturer in the history department from the middle and lower strata, who is constantly seeking jobs and social status. Suffering from high-class bullying and oppression, and all the absurd experience, and finally lucky to harvest the story of a happy ending. The novel was praised by critics as "one of the most successful novels after the war in England" and won the Maugham Literature Prize in 1955. It became one of the most popular bestsellers in Britain, and Ames became famous for it. The thesis interprets Jim Dixon's anxiety dilemma by using the new psychoanalytic method of Honey. Horney attaches great importance to the role of social and cultural factors, emphasizing the characteristics of the times and the current behavior of the characters to analyze their psychological characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study Jim's anxiety phenomenon, the causes of anxiety and the struggle against anxiety by using Horney's new psychoanalysis theory. Through the analysis of the distortion of values and the confusion of human nature after the war, people's satire on society and the pursuit of a better life are revealed. The introduction briefly introduces Kingsley Amis and his novel Jim of Lucky, summarizes the domestic and international research situation of the novel, and presents the main thread and central argument of this thesis. The first chapter is the theoretical foundation which summarizes the origin and development process of the new psychoanalysis method and the theoretical system of Horny's new psychoanalysis method. Its main contents include basic anxiety culture and neurotic personality as well as three defense strategies. The second chapter discusses the performance of Jim's anxiety dilemma, and divides Jim's anxiety into basic anxiety and neurotic anxiety, which are the external effects of anxiety dilemma and the inner self respectively. Among them, neurotic anxiety is the concentrated embodiment of Jim's anxiety. It analyzes the anxiety dilemma of the characters from three aspects: realistic anxiety, mental anxiety and existential anxiety. The third chapter points out the main causes of Jim's anxiety. One is the sociocultural role that Honey has emphasized, that is, the national policies of the post-war social transition period have had a significant impact on people, and the second is the conflict brought about by the external environment. That is, hypocrisy of academia and hypocrisy of human nature bring Jim ideological impact; third, Jim's inner contradiction and puzzlement, and internal conflict is just a manifestation of neurotic personality. The fourth chapter is Jim's struggle against anxiety dilemma, which is divided into three stages: the formation of protest consciousness, the embodiment of protest behavior and the result of struggle. In the final analysis, it is the process from mental defense to realistic confrontation to the final realization of existential exploration. Driven by the three great spiritual drive of getting close to others, escaping from others and confronting others, Jim finally broke the anxiety state and realized creative self-pursuit, and from another perspective, it was his compromise to the upper class. Finally, the conclusion is drawn: the thesis shows the process of the protagonist Jim's freedom and rebirth from a microscopic perspective, and from a macro point of view, Through the analysis of Jim's anxiety dilemma, this paper reflects the confusion in life and spirit, the deep understanding of complex human nature, and the desire for freedom and good life in postwar society.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2141136
[Abstract]:Kingsley Amis, a famous contemporary British novelist, poet and critic, is one of the representatives of Britain's "angry youth". Most of his works express dissatisfaction and criticism of postwar social life in the form of satirical comedy and plain language. Emmes's masterpiece, "Lucky Jim" (1954), tells about Jim Dixon, a lecturer in the history department from the middle and lower strata, who is constantly seeking jobs and social status. Suffering from high-class bullying and oppression, and all the absurd experience, and finally lucky to harvest the story of a happy ending. The novel was praised by critics as "one of the most successful novels after the war in England" and won the Maugham Literature Prize in 1955. It became one of the most popular bestsellers in Britain, and Ames became famous for it. The thesis interprets Jim Dixon's anxiety dilemma by using the new psychoanalytic method of Honey. Horney attaches great importance to the role of social and cultural factors, emphasizing the characteristics of the times and the current behavior of the characters to analyze their psychological characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study Jim's anxiety phenomenon, the causes of anxiety and the struggle against anxiety by using Horney's new psychoanalysis theory. Through the analysis of the distortion of values and the confusion of human nature after the war, people's satire on society and the pursuit of a better life are revealed. The introduction briefly introduces Kingsley Amis and his novel Jim of Lucky, summarizes the domestic and international research situation of the novel, and presents the main thread and central argument of this thesis. The first chapter is the theoretical foundation which summarizes the origin and development process of the new psychoanalysis method and the theoretical system of Horny's new psychoanalysis method. Its main contents include basic anxiety culture and neurotic personality as well as three defense strategies. The second chapter discusses the performance of Jim's anxiety dilemma, and divides Jim's anxiety into basic anxiety and neurotic anxiety, which are the external effects of anxiety dilemma and the inner self respectively. Among them, neurotic anxiety is the concentrated embodiment of Jim's anxiety. It analyzes the anxiety dilemma of the characters from three aspects: realistic anxiety, mental anxiety and existential anxiety. The third chapter points out the main causes of Jim's anxiety. One is the sociocultural role that Honey has emphasized, that is, the national policies of the post-war social transition period have had a significant impact on people, and the second is the conflict brought about by the external environment. That is, hypocrisy of academia and hypocrisy of human nature bring Jim ideological impact; third, Jim's inner contradiction and puzzlement, and internal conflict is just a manifestation of neurotic personality. The fourth chapter is Jim's struggle against anxiety dilemma, which is divided into three stages: the formation of protest consciousness, the embodiment of protest behavior and the result of struggle. In the final analysis, it is the process from mental defense to realistic confrontation to the final realization of existential exploration. Driven by the three great spiritual drive of getting close to others, escaping from others and confronting others, Jim finally broke the anxiety state and realized creative self-pursuit, and from another perspective, it was his compromise to the upper class. Finally, the conclusion is drawn: the thesis shows the process of the protagonist Jim's freedom and rebirth from a microscopic perspective, and from a macro point of view, Through the analysis of Jim's anxiety dilemma, this paper reflects the confusion in life and spirit, the deep understanding of complex human nature, and the desire for freedom and good life in postwar society.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.074
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