“反理论”与“理论”——论利维斯的批评观

发布时间：2018-07-24 08:04

【摘要】：利维斯的批评长久以来被学界贴上了"反理论"的标签。利维斯在20世纪30年代与韦勒克的"文学与哲学"论战就表明了其批评的"反理论"倾向。利维斯主张文学批评应拥抱"具体的"人性、人生、道德、现实等诸要素,这也因此确立了他的"实践批评家"身份。利维斯"反理论"的实质是反对文学批评的程式化、教条化和抽象化,进而凸显文学的"文学性",坚守的是"经验主义"的文学传统,强调的是文学的内在价值与自主性。在这一点上,利维斯是保守的,其立场本身具有理论意义。然而,学界对利维斯"反理论"之外的理论构建多有忽视。利维斯一方面拒绝哲学、抽象理论、僵化标准与程式毫无具体性地应用于文学批评,另一方面又自觉地就文学批评的本质、标准、功能以及文学意义的存在方式等重要问题等进行哲学思辨和理论探索。利维斯算不上真正的文学理论家,但其批评观却独具特色,即以"反理论"的姿态进行"理论"探索,当然,这种理论探索是完全服务于批评实践的。
[Abstract]:Levi's criticism has long been labelled as anti-theory. The literary and philosophical debate between Levi and Willerk in the 1930 s showed his tendency to criticize the anti-theory. Levi argued that literary criticism should embrace the elements of "concrete" humanity, life, morality, reality and so on, which established his status as "practical critic". The essence of Levi's "anti-theory" is to oppose the stylization, dogmatism and abstraction of literary criticism, thus highlighting the "literariness" of literature, adhering to the literary tradition of "empiricism" and emphasizing the intrinsic value and autonomy of literature. At this point, Levi is conservative, its position itself has theoretical significance. However, the academic circle ignored the theoretical construction outside of Levi's anti-theory. On the one hand, Levi refuses to apply philosophy, abstract theory, rigid standards and procedures to literary criticism, on the other hand, he consciously discusses the nature and standards of literary criticism. Some important problems, such as function and the way of existence of literary meaning, are discussed in philosophy and theory. Levi is not a real literary theorist, but his critical view has its own characteristics, that is, to explore "theory" with the attitude of "anti-theory". Of course, this kind of theoretical exploration serves the practice of criticism completely.
【作者单位】：苏州大学外国语学院;
【基金】：2013年教育部社会科学基金青年项目“文化、文学、文明:利维斯文学批评研究”[项目编号:13YJC752015]的阶段性成果
【分类号】：I106

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