女性主义文学批评视角下张爱玲与菲茨杰拉德作品的比较研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 19:12

【摘要】：十九世纪八十年代到二十世纪四十年代,西方社会经历了女性主义的第一次浪潮。美国作家菲茨杰拉德与中国女作家张爱玲可以被看做这一时期东西方女性文学创作的代表。两者在作品中都使用大量篇幅去塑造具有时代特色的女性形象,在各自国度都受到了热烈追捧,产生了广泛而深远的影响。因而,对于两位作家所著小说中女性形象的对比分析有显著意义,有助于读者深入了解不同国家社会转型时期女性的真实生活状态。然而,关于二者的对比研究仅有一篇名为《浮华世界凋零的玫瑰—菲茨杰拉德和张爱玲作品中的女性异化形象》,主要从环境、爱情、婚姻、亲情及母性五个角度来讨论女性的异化现象及原因,篇幅短少且浅显。本文以两位作家代表小说中的女性形象为研究对象,从女性主义文学批评视角进行深入研究。本文以女性主义文学批评为理论框架,以菲茨杰拉德与张爱玲塑造的代表性女性形象为研究对象,探讨两位作家所刻画的女性形象的异同、女性观的异同及其潜在原因。研究发现,由于受男性社会体系的管束,菲茨杰拉德与张爱玲笔下的女性潜意识中将自己奴隶化、物质化及兽化。不论是《了不起的盖茨比》、《夜色温柔》、《最后一个大亨》,或是《金锁记》、《半生缘》等作品中,女性将自己当做男人的附属财产,甘心接受男性世界的准则影响和控制；对于女性而言,踏入婚姻是为了金钱和地位而无关爱情；为了私利,对他人甚至是亲属毫不关心,丧失基本的人性关怀。当然,由于不同社会文化背景的影响,张爱玲作品中的女性更倾向于被动接受自己的命运而毫不反抗；而在菲茨杰拉德的描述中,后期一些女性角色女性意识开始萌芽,转变成“新女性”,展现出自恋人格。由于童年经历、人生体验及社会文化环境的影响,菲茨杰拉德与张爱玲对女性持有不同的态度。从一开始,菲茨杰拉德对女性的态度就是矛盾的。一方面,他对女性的精神堕落产生厌恶；另一方面,他赞成并很欣赏这些新女性所代表的价值观。张爱玲则是持有一种“虚无主义”的态度,始终旁观这些女性的悲剧命运。作为代表性文学创作人物,菲茨杰拉德与张爱玲都忠诚的履行了作家的职责,生动描绘了他们身边的女人们。
[Abstract]:Western society experienced the first wave of feminism from 1980 s to 1940 s. American writer Fitzgerald and Chinese woman writer Zhang Ailing can be regarded as the representatives of the East-West female literature creation in this period. Both of them have devoted a great deal of space to portray the female image with the characteristics of the times in their works, which have been enthusiastically sought after in their respective countries and have had a wide and profound influence. Therefore, a comparative analysis of the female images in the novels of the two writers is significant, which is helpful for the readers to understand the real living conditions of women in the period of social transformation in different countries. However, there is only one article on the comparative study of the two, entitled "the faded Rose of the flashy World-female alienation in the works of Fitzgerald and Zhang Ailing", mainly from the environment, love, marriage. It is short and simple to discuss the phenomenon and reason of female alienation from the five angles of kinship and motherhood. In this paper, two writers on behalf of women in the novel as the object of study, feminist literary criticism from the perspective of in-depth research. This paper takes feminist literary criticism as the theoretical framework, takes the representative female images created by Fitzgerald and Zhang Ailing as the research object, and probes into the similarities and differences of the female images, the similarities and differences of the female views and the underlying causes of the two writers' portrayals. The study found that women in Fitzgerald and Zhang Ailing subconsciously enslaved, materialized and bruised themselves because they were governed by male social systems. Whether it's the Great Gatsby, the soft Night, the Last mogul, or the Golden Lock, the Half-Life, the woman sees herself as a man's accessory, willing to be influenced and controlled by the norms of the male world; For women, marriage is for money and status, not love; for personal gain, for others or even relatives, the loss of basic human care. Of course, because of the influence of different social and cultural backgrounds, the women in Zhang Ailing's works tend to accept their destiny passively and do not resist. In Fitzgerald's description, some female consciousness of female characters begins to sprout in the later period. Turn into "new woman", show narcissistic personality. Because of the influence of childhood experience, life experience and social and cultural environment, Fitzgerald and Zhang Ailing hold different attitudes towards women. From the beginning, Fitzgerald's attitude toward women was contradictory. On the one hand, he abhors the spiritual depravity of women; on the other hand, he shares and appreciates the values represented by these new women. Zhang Ailing is holding a nihilistic attitude, always watching the tragic fate of these women. As representative literary characters, both Fitzgerald and Zhang Ailing faithfully perform their duties as writers and vividly depict the women around them.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I106.4-03

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